Preface 1.Introduction to Turbulence 1.1.Historical View 1.2.Navier-Stokes(N-S) Equations:Validity for Turbulence 1.3.Averaging Processes 1.4.Averaged Incompressible Turbulence Equations 1.5.Turbulence Closure Problem 1.6.Summary 2.Second-Order Closure Turbulence Model 2.1.Turbulence Model Postulations 2.2.Modeling of uiuj, k, E, and uiO Equations 2.3.Summary of the Second-Order Turbulence Model 2.4.Determination of Turbulence Model Constants 2.5.Summary and Conclusion 3.Discussions of Turbulence Models 3.1.Variation of Second-Order Turbulence Models 3.2.Turbulent Flow Predictions:One(Free-Shear Flows) 3.3.Problem Function 3.4.Two-Scale Second-Order Turbulence Model 4.Near-Wall Turbulence 4.1.Introduction 4.2.Wall Functions 4.3.Low-Reynolds-Number Turbulence Models 4.4.Two-Layer Model 4.5.Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS) 4.6.Turbulent Flow Predictions:Two(Wall-Shear Flows) 4.7.Other Near-Wall Turbulence Models 4.8.Summary 5.Applications of Turbulence Models 5.1.Introduction 5.2.Turbulent Flow Predictions:Three(Two-Dimensional Separated Flows) 5.3.Turbulent Flow Past Disc Type Valves 5.4.Third-Order Closure Model 5.5.Three-Dimensional Flows 5.6.Turbulence Flow Predictions:Four(Three-dimensional Flows) 5.7.Anistrophic Turbulence Models 5.8.Conclusion 6.Turbulent Buoyant Flows 6.1.Introduction 6.2.Equation of State 6.3.Boussinesq Approximation 6.4.Averaged Turbulence Equations 6.5.Turbulent Transport Equations 6.6.Turbulence Modeling of Turbulent Buoyant Flows 6.7.Summary of the Turbulence Model 6.8.Turbulent Flow Predictions:Five (Buoyant Flows) 6.9.Two-Scale Turbulence Review Quotes Concept 7.Closure Bibliography Index
