Thyroid Eye Disease

Introduction; Normal Thyroid Gland and Mechanisms of Hyperthyroidism; Systemic Diagnostic Tests for Thyroid Ophthalmopathy and Euthyroid Ophthalmopathy; Thyroid Eye Signs and Disease Classification; Differential Diagnosis and Imaging Studies; Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Thyroid Ophthalmopathy; Thyroid Eye Disease: Natural History and Response to Hyperthyroidism Treatment; Thyroid Management: General Principles; Medical Therapy of Thyroid Ophthalmopathy; Radiation Therapy for Thyroid Eye Disease; Surgical Management of Eyelid Retraction; Surgical Orbital Decompression: History and Rationale; Therapy of Thyroid Myopathy; Conclusion