Part I: Introduction and Motivation.- It is all About Gravity.- Part II: Geometrical Aspects of Gravitational Action.- Setting the Stage: Review of Previous Results.- Alternative Geometrical Variables in Lanczos-Lovelock Gravity.- Part III: Thermodynamics, Gravity and Null Surfaces.- Thermodynamic Interpretation of Geometrical Variables.- Spacetime Evolution and Equipartition in Lanczos-Lovelock Gravity.- Lanczos-Lovelock Gravity from a Thermodynamic Perspective.- Null Surface Geometry and Associated Thermodynamics.- Entropy of a Generic Null Surface from its Associated Virasoro Algebra.- Part IV: Classical Gravity, Quantum Matter.- A Quantum Peek Inside the Black Hole Event Horizon
.- Information Retrieval from Black Holes.- Dynamic Realization of the Unruh Effect for a Geodesic Observer.- Part V: Zero Point Length-Towards Quantum Gravity.- Spacetime with Zero Point Length is Two-Dimensional at the Planck Scale.- Part VI: Summary and Outlook.- Summary and Outlook.