Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review

Section I: Fundamentals of Critical Care
1. Respiratory Physiology in Critical Illness
Richard A. Oeckler, MD, PhD
2. Basic Mechanical Ventilation
Amelia A. Lowell, RRT, RCP, and Michael J. Day, RRT, RCP
3. Advanced Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
Amelia A. Lowell, RRT, RCP, Pritesh K. Patel, MD, and Bhavesh M. Patel, MD
4. Cardiovascular System in Critical Illness
Courtney E. Bennett, DO
5. Kidney Function in Critical Illness
Pramod K. Guru, MBBS, MD
6. Nutrition in Critical Illness
Mireille H. Hamdan, DCN, RDN, LD/N, and Angela N. Vizzini, RDN, LD/N

Section I: Questions and Answers

Section II: Fundamentals of Neurocritical Care
7. Neurologic Examination in Neurocritical Illness
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
8. Intracranial Pressure
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD, and William D. Freeman, MD
9. Cerebrospinal Fluid Physiology
Joseph Zachariah, DO, and Tia Chakraborty, MD
10. Cerebral Circulation and Cerebral Blood Flow
Arnoley S. Abcejo, MD, and Jeffrey J. Pasternak, MD, MS
11. Consequences of Anoxia and Ischemia to the Brain
Jennifer E. Fugate, DO, and Lauren K. Ng, MD
12. Consequences of Acute Metabolic Changes to the Brain
Sherri A. Braksick, MD, and Sara E. Hocker, MD
13. Neurologic Consequences of Acute Hypertension
Ahmed Koriesh, MB, BCh, and Sherri A. Braksick, MD
14. Coma and Other Altered States of Consciousness
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
15. Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure
Maximiliano A. Hawkes, MD, and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
16. Neurogenic Breathing Patterns
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
17. Neurogenic Cardiac Manifestations
Sherri A. Braksick, MD, and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
18. Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity
Farwa Ali, MBBS, and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD

Section II: Questions and Answers

Section III: Critical Care Disorders
Pulmonary Disorders
19. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Richard K. Patch III, MD, and Richard A. Oeckler, MD, PhD
20. Pulmonary Embolism: An Overview
Brandon T. Nokes, MD, and Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, MD, MSc
21. Asthma in the Critically Ill Patient
Sreeja Biswas Roy, MBBS, and Cyril Varghese, MD, MS
22. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation
Abdelmohaymin A. Abdalla, MBBS, and Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, MD, MSc
23. Pleural Diseases in Critical Care Medicine
Neal M. Patel, MD
24. Pulmonary Malignancy
Varun Bansal, MD, and Margaret M. Johnson, MD
25. Pulmonary Hypertension and Right-Sided Heart Failure in Critically Ill Patients
Hollie Saunders, MD, John E. Moss, MD, and Charles D. Burger, MD

Cardiovascular Disorders
26. Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactic Shock
Michael E. D'Netto, MD, Megan S. Motosue, MD, and Gerald W. Volcheck, MD
27. Cardiogenic Shock
Meir Tabi, MD, and Jacob C. Jentzer, MD
28. Acute Coronary Syndrome
Siva S. Ketha, MD, and Juan Carlos Leoni Moreno, MD
29. Cardiac Rhythm and Conduction Disturbances
Fred Kusumoto, MD
30. Hypertensive Emergencies
Luke J. Matzek, MD, Denzil R. Hill, MD, and James A. Onigkeit, MD
31. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Richard K. Patch III, MD, and Alice Gallo de Moraes, MD
32. Vascular Emergencies of the Aorta
Houssam Farres, MD

Acute Endocrine Disorders
33. Pituitary Apoplexy
Sherri A. Braksick, MD, and Tia Chakraborty, MD
34. Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency and Resistance
Dana Erickson, MD, and Lucinda M. Gruber, MD
35. Hypopituitarism
Lucinda M. Gruber, MD
36. Thyroid Disorders in the Intensive Care Unit
Naina K. Sawal, MD, and John E. Moss, MD
37. Glycemic Control in Neurocritically Ill Patients
Nayla Ahmed, MBBS, and Alice Gallo de Moraes, MD
38. Adrenal Insufficiency in Neurocritically Ill Patients
Susan L. Samson, MD, PhD, Levi W. Howard, DO, and Carla P. Venegas, MD

Gastrointestinal Disorders
39. Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Pablo Moreno Franco, MD, Philip E. Lowman, MD, and Michael F. Harrison, MD, PhD
40. Paralytic and Obstructive Ileus
John M. Zietlow, MD
41. Acute Liver Failure
Alexandra L. Anderson, MD, Sarvie Esmaeilzadeh, MB, BCh, BAO, James Y. Findlay, MB, ChB, and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
42. Acute Perforations of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Naina K. Sawal, MD, and Alice Gallo de Moraes, MD
43. Acute Vascular Disorders of the Intestine
Omar Y. Mousa, MBBS, MD, and Surakit Pungpapong, MD
44. Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Irving A. Jorge, MD, Peter F. Johnston, MD, and Daniel J. Johnson, MD

Kidney Disorders
45. Acute Kidney Injury: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Jacob Ninan, MD, MS, and Kianoush B. Kashani, MD, MS
46. Acid-Base Disorders
Urbee Disha Peterson, DO, and Alice Gallo de Moraes, MD
47. Drug Dosing in Kidney Dysfunction
Mariam Charkviani, MD, Caitlin S. Brown, PharmD, RPh, and Erin F. Barreto, PharmD, RPh
48. Principles of Kidney Replacement Therapy
Swetha Reddy, MBBS, MD, and Juan Pablo Domecq Garces, MD
49. Disorders of Water and Electrolyte Balance
Michael Bernaba, Suman Misra, MD, and Mira T. Keddis, MD

Hematologic and Inflammatory Disorders
50. Anemia and Blood Transfusion
T. N. Diem Vu, MD, John M. Zietlow, MD, and Myung S. Park, MD, MS
51. Hematologic and Oncologic Complications in the Intensive Care Unit
Janhavi Athale, MD, and Leslie J. Padrnos, MD
52. Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytopathy in the Intensive Care Unit
Janhavi Athale, MD, and Leslie J. Padrnos, MD
53. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Leslie J. Padrnos, MD, and Janhavi Athale, MD
54. Diagnosis and Management of Acquired Bleeding Disorders
Meera Sridharan, MD, PhD, and Rajiv K. Pruthi, MBBS
55. Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy
Theresa N. Kinard, MD
56. Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for Acute Hematologic Disorders
Jill Adamski, MD, PhD
57. Rheumatologic Conditions in Critical Care
Alain Sanchez Rodriguez, MBBS, Gabriel Figueroa-Parra, MD, and Ali A. Duarte Garcia, MD

Sepsis and Other Infectious Diseases
58. Infectious Diseases Complicating Critical Care
Aditya S. Shah, MBBS, and Josh Clement, PharmD, RPh
59. Antibiotics in the Intensive Care Unit
Aditya S. Shah, MBBS, and Josh Clement, PharmD, RPh
60. Sepsis and Septic Shock
Philippe R. Bauer, MD, PhD

Dermatologic Concerns
61. Dermatologic Emergencies in the Intensive Care Unit
Matthew R. Hall, MD

Trauma and Burns
62. Initial Approach to the Management of Multisystem Trauma
David S. Morris, MD, and T. N. Diem Vu, MD
63. Chest and Abdominal Trauma
Joy D. Hughes, MD, and David S. Morris, MD
64. Skeletal Trauma
John M. Zietlow, MD
65. Burns and Electrical Injuries
Brandon T. Nokes, MD, and Ayan Sen, MD

Cardiothoracic Critical Care
66. Cardiothoracic Surgery and Postoperative Intensive Care
Arun L. Jayaraman, MD, PhD
67. Mechanical Circulatory Assist Devices
Bhavesh M. Patel, MD
68. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Pramod Guru, MBBS, MD, and Gregory J. Schears, MD
69. Cardiac Pacing in the Intensive Care Unit
Joshua M. Hauser, MD, MPH, Michael R. Boswell, MD, and Harish Ramakrishna, MD

Transplant Critical Care
70. Clinical Management of Heart Transplant
Senthil Anand, MBBS, and Lisa M. LeMond, MD
71. Clinical Management of Heart-Lung and Lung Transplant
Sadia Z. Shah, MD, and Francisco Alvarez, MD
72. Clinical Management of Liver Transplant
Amanda F. Ambrose, MD, and Bhargavi Gali, MD, MHA
73. Clinical Management of Kidney Transplant
James A. Onigkeit, MD, Ryan M. Benjamin, DO, and Kyle J. Haselton, MD
74. Small Intestinal Transplant
Ayan Sen, MD

Toxicity and Toxins
75. Serotonin Syndrome
Farwa Ali, MBBS, and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
76. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Hyperthermia
John A. Fanous, MBBS, and Aaron B. Skolnik, MD
77. Toxicology of Selected Illicit Substances and Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents
Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer, MD, PhD

Section III: Questions and Answers

Section IV: Neurocritical Illness
Acute Cerebrovascular Disorders
78. Diagnosis and Management of Hemispheric Infarction
Carlos Perez Vega, MD, Sanjeet S. Grewal, MD, and W. Christopher Fox, MD
79. Basilar Artery Occlusion
Maximiliano A. Hawkes, MD, and Jennifer E. Fugate, DO
80. Carotid Artery Disease
Samir Kashyap, DO, Al-Wala A. Awad, MD, Nnenna Mbabuike, MD, and Rabih G. Tawk, MD
81. Adult Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis
Carlo Salvarani, MD, Robert D. Brown Jr, MD, MPH, and Gene G. Hunder, MD
82. Intracerebral and Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Oana M. Dumitrascu, MD
83. Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Kristen M. Scheitler, MD, and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
84. Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations
Kelly D. Flemming, MD, and Giuseppe Lanzino, MD
85. Cerebral Venous and Dural Sinus Thrombosis
Christopher R. Marcellino, MD, and Sara E. Hocker, MD
86. Cervical Arterial Dissection
Gyanendra Kumar, MD, and Bart M. Demaerschalk, MD

Traumatic Brain and Spine Injury
87. Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury
Nikita Lakomkin, MD, and Jeremy L. Fogelson, MD
88. Traumatic Intracranial Epidural and Subdural Hematomas in Adults
Kristen M. Scheitler, MD, and John L. D. Atkinson, MD
89. Unstable Spinal Fractures
Zachary A. Pennington, MD, William E. Clifton III, MD, and Mark A. Pichelmann, MD

Acute Central Nervous System Infections
90. Encephalitis
Allen J. Aksamit Jr, MD
91. Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
92. Brain Abscess and Spinal Epidural Abscess
Cristina G. Corsini Campioli, MD, and John C. O'Horo, MD, MPH

Acute Neuromuscular Disorders
93. Myasthenia Gravis
Maximiliano A. Hawkes, MD, and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
94. Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
95. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Jennifer M. Martinez-Thompson, MD, and Nathan P. Staff, MD, PhD
96. Rhabdomyolysis, Myopathies in Intensive Care, and Toxic Myopathies
Margherita Milone, MD, PhD, and Justin C. Kao, MB, ChB
97. Myopathy and Neuropathy Acquired in the Intensive Care Unit
Priya S. Dhawan, MD, and Jennifer A. Tracy, MDDR

Miscellaneous Disorders of Acute Brain Injury
98. Status Epilepticus
Pouya A. Ameli, MD, MS, Christopher Robinson, DO, MS, and Sara E. Hocker, MD
99. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Jennifer E. Fugate, DO
100. Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System
Caitlin S. Jackson-Tarlton, MD, and W. Oliver Tobin, MB, BCh, BAO, PhD
101. Prion Disease and Evaluation of Rapidly Progressive Dementia
J. Brent Peel, MD, Levi W. Howard, DO, and Dennis W. Dickson, MD

Neuro-oncology
102. Brain and Spine Tumors
Mithun G. Sattur, MD, Devi P. Patra, MBBS, Maciej M. Mrugala, MD, PhD, Ayan Sen, MD, and Bernard R. Bendok, MD
103. Leptomeningeal Metastasis
David N. Abarbanel, MD, and Alyx B. Porter, MD
104. Autoimmune Encephalitis in Critical Care
Eslam Shosha, MB, BCh, and Sean J. Pittock, MD
105. Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Central Nervous System Tumors
Ugur T. Sener, MD, Sameer R. Keole, MD, and Sani H. Kizilbash, MD, MPH
Postoperative Neurosurgery
106. Intensive Care After Spinal Surgery
Anthony L. Mikula, MD, and Benjamin D. Elder, MD, PhD
107. Intensive Care After Craniotomy
Lina Marenco Hillembrand, MD, and Kaisorn L. Chaichana, MD
108. Intensive Care After Neuroendovascular Procedures
Brian W. Chong, MD, Chandan Krishna, MD, and Bernard R. Bendok, MD

Section IV: Questions and Answers

Section V: Imaging in Critical Illness
109. Chest Imaging
Carlos A. Rojas, MD, and Barbara L. McComb, MD
110. Abdominal Radiographs
Frank K. Chen, MD, David J. DiSantis, MD, and Joseph G. Cernigliaro, MD
111. Ultrasonography
Christopher M. Kyper, MD, and Lauren K. Ng, MD
112. Transesophageal Echocardiography
Joshua M. Hauser, MD, MPH, Scott J. Heller, MD, and Harish Ramakrishna, MD

Section V: Questions and Answers

Section VI: Procedures
Airway Procedures and Modes of Ventilation
113. Basics of Airway and Oxygen Delivery Devices
Andrew W. Murray, MD
114. Endotracheal Intubation Procedures
Juan G. Ripoll Sanz, MD, and Matthew J. Ritter, MD
115. Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
Arvind Balavenkataraman, MBBS, and John E. Moss, MD
116. Tracheostomy
Cody J. Smith, MD, Saba Ghorab, MD, and David G. Lott, MD
117. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Bronchoscopy in the Intensive Care Unit
John A. Fanous, MBBS, and Kenneth K. Sakata, MD

Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Monitoring and Access
118. Electrocardiographic Monitoring
Sumedh K. Iyengar, MBBS, Shruti K. Iyengar, MBBS, and Komandoor Srivathsan, MD
119. Hemodynamic Monitoring
Hannelisa E. Callisen, PA-C, and Ayan Sen, MD
120. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization
Philip E. Lowman, MD, and Christan D. Santos, APRN, DNP
121. Thoracentesis and Chest Tubes
Staci E. Beamer, MD
122. Central Line Placement
Luke J. Matzek, MD, and W. Brian B. Beam, MD
123. Interventional Radiology Procedures
Rahmi Oklu, MD, PhD, and Harish Narayanan, MD

Neuromonitoring and Procedures
124. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and External Ventricular Drainage
Amanda D. Tomlinson, APRN, DNP, and William D. Freeman, MD
125. Lumbar Puncture
Christina I. Collins, APRN, DNP, and Karen A. Pratt, APRN
126. Lumbar Drain
Jamie J. Van Gompel, MD
127. Intraventricular Drug Administration
William W. Horn Jr, APRN, and Benjamin L. Brown, MD
128. Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography
Michelle P. Lin, MD, MPH, and Josephine F. Huang, MD
129. Electroencephalography
Amy Z. Crepeau, MD
130. Essentials of Multimodal Brain Monitoring
Jennifer E. Fugate, DO
131. Essentials of Cranial Neuroimaging
Vishal N. Patel, MD, PhD, and Sukhwinder S. Sandhu, MD

Section VI: Questions and Answers

Section VII: Pharmacotherapeutics
132. Sedation and Analgesia
Kevin H. Luk, MD
133. Inotropes, Vasopressors, and Antihypertensive Agents
Juan N. Pulido Sierra, MD
134. Antibiotics, Antivirals, and Antifungals
Christopher F. Saling, MD

Section VII: Questions and Answers

Section VIII: End-of-Life Considerations
135. Palliative and End-of-Life Care in the Intensive Care Unit
Maisha T. Robinson, MD
136. Assessing Decisional Capacity
Ahmed A. Alhassan, MBBS, David C. Fipps, DO, and Christopher L. Sola, DO
137. Brain Death
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, MD, PhD
138. Disorders of Consciousness
Amanda L. Porter, MD, and Gregory S. Day, MD
139. Concerns and Care Before Organ Donation
Diane C. McLaughlin, APRN, and Lauren K. Ng, MD
140. Medical Professionalism
Thomas Gossard, BA, and Erik K. St. Louis, MD
141. Informed Consent for Treatment or Research
Thomas Gossard, BA, and Erik K. St. Louis, MD

Section VIII: Questions and Answers