In recent years there has been an increasing interest in syscems which enable the conversion of solar energy into electri- calor chemical energy. Many types of systems have been proposed and studied experimenta11y, the fundamentals of which extend from solid state physics to photo- and electrochemistry. For most of the systems considered excitation of an electron by absorption of a photon is fo1lowed by charge separation at an interface. It follows that the different fields involved (photovo1taics, photo- electrochemistry, photogalvanics, etc.) have several essential aspects in common. It was the main purpose with the NATO Advanced Study Insti- tute held at Gent, Belgium, from August 25 to September 5, 1980, to bring together research workers specializing in one of these fields in order to enab1e them not only to extend their knowledge into their own field but also to promote the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas. The scope of the A.S.I. has been 1imited to systems which have not or have hardly reached the stage of prac- tica1 development. As a consequence, no lectures on economica1 aspects of solar energy conversion have been included.
The topics covered in this volume are the fundamentals of recombination in solar ce1ls (P. Landsberg), theoretical and experimental aspects of heterojunctions and semiconductor/metal Schottky barriers (J.J. Loferski, W.H. Bloss and W.G. Townsend), photoelectrochemica1 ce11s (H. Gerischer and A.J. Nozik), pho- v PREFACE vi ga1vanic ce11s (W.J. Albery) and fina11y, surfactant assemb1ies (M. Gratzel).
Reihe
Auflage
Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1981
Sprache
Verlagsort
Zielgruppe
Für Beruf und Forschung
Research
Illustrationen
Maße
Höhe: 244 mm
Breite: 170 mm
Dicke: 24 mm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-1-4615-9235-8 (9781461592358)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4615-9233-4
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Recombination in Solar Cells: Theoretical Aspects.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Conventions Usually Made for p-n Junctions and Solar Cells.- 3. Three Laws of Photovoltaics.- 4. Maximum Power, Recombination and the Ideality Factor.- 5. Junction Currents as Recombination Currents.- 6. Steady-State Recombination Rates at a Given Plane X.- 7. Junction Model and Space-Dependences.- 8. Transition Region Recombination Current Density.- 9. The Bulk-Regions Recombination Current Density.- 10. Summery of p-n Junction Current Densities from Sections 8 and 9.- 11. Configuration and Electrostatics of the Schottky Barrier Solar Cell.- 12. The Place of Recombination Effects in (p-type) Schottky Barrier Solar Cells.- 13. Recombination Currents and Voltage Drops in (p-type) Schottky Barrier Solar Cells.- 14. Conclusion.- A Few More General Topics.- (I) Thermodynamic Efficiency.- (II) Simple Theory to See that an Optimum Energy Gap Exists.- (III) Is Dollars per Peak Watt a Good Unit?.- (IV) Energy Unit for Global Use.- (V) When will Solar Conversion be Economically Viable?.- References.- Schottky Barrier Solar Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Schottky Barrier Cell Principle.- 3. Solar Cell Parameters and Design Considerations.- 4. Results and Discussion of Typical Silicon MIS Cells.- Acknowledgement.- References.- CdS-Cux S Thin Film Solar Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. CdS Thin Film Technology.- 3. CuxS Thin Film Technology.- 4. Properties of the CdS Layer.- 5. Properties of CuxS Films.- 6. Properties of the Heterojunction.- 7. Technology of CdS-CuxS Photovoltaic Generators.- 8. Performance Characteristics of Solar Cells and Generators.- References.- Conversion of Solar Energy Using Tandem Photovoltaic Cells Made from Multi-Element Semiconductors.- I. Introduction.- II. Increasing Efficiency byRecourse to Tandem PV Cell Systems.- III. Design of an Optimized Solar Cell Structure for Tandem Cell Systems.- IV. Selection of Semiconductors for Tandem Solar Cell Systems.- V. Optimized Design of Direct Gap Photovoltaic Cells.- VI. Monolothic and Split Spectrum Tandem Cell Systems.- VII. Synthesis and Properties of Ternary Alloy Chalcopyrite Semiconductors.- VIII. Thin Films of CuInSe2 and Solar Cells Made from Them.- IX. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- The Principles of Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion.- I. Sunlight Conversion into Chemical Energy.- II. Fundamentals of Semiconductor Electrochemistry.- III. The Semiconductor Electrolyte Contact under Illumination and Photodecomposition Reactions.- IV. Photoelectrochemical Cells and their Problems.- Photoelectrochemical Devices for Solar Energy Conversion.- General Discussion of Photoelectrochemical Devices.- Acknowledgement.- References.- The Iron Thionine Photogalvanic Cell.- Homogeneous Kinetics.- Electrode Selectivity.- The Efficiencies of Photogalvanic Cells.- Final Summary.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Charge Separation and Redox Catalysis in Solar Energy Conversion Processes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Design of Photoredox Reactions for Photodissociation of Water.- 3. Stabilization of Redox Intermediates through the Use of Multiphase Systems.- 4. Redox Catalysis.- 5. Photoelectrochemical Cells Based on Redox Reactions.- References.- Author Index.
