Historical development of the UPOV system; review of plant breeding sciences and impact of the "New Biology" on plant breeding (Joe Smartt); the UPOV system and the patent system; general obligations under the 1991 convention; applications; criteria of protectability; examination of applications; protection pending grant; scope of protection; non-infringing acts; exhaustion of right; compulsory licensing; regulation of commerce; nullity and cancellation; reservations; implementation of the 1991 convention; European community proposals.
