Early number systems and symbols; mathematics in early civilizations; the beginnings of Greek mathematics; the Alexandrian school - Euclid; the twilight of Greek mathematics - Diophantus; the first awakening - Fibonacci; the renaissance of mathematics - Cardan and Tartaglia; the mechanical world - Descartes and Newton; the development of probability theory - Pascal, Bernoulli and Laplace; the revival of number theory - Fermat, Euler and Gauss; 19th-century contributions - Bolyai and Lobachevesky; transition to the 20th century - Cantor and Kronecker; extensions and generalizations - Hardy, Hausdorff and Noether; the Greek alphabet; solutions to selected problems.
