The property of rubber elasticity is displayed by an ever increasing range of polymers-hydrocarbon, polar and even inorganic. Such rubbery polymers, however, differ in the way by which they are made, in their chemical and physical properties, in the way in which they form network structures and in the way in which they age. Such differences are due, primarily, to differences in their underlying chemistry and chemical structure. It is the aim of this monograph to survey, in a single volume, the chemistry of these rubbery polymeric materials and to cover such aspects as their preparative chemistry, relationship of chemical structure to properties, the molecular nature of high elasticity, cross linking and other chemical modification and ageing. This has been done, not simply because rubbery materials are so fascinating in their own right but also because of their industrial importance. It is therefore hoped that this book will help both the polymerization chemist and the rubber technologist to have a better and broader based understanding of the materials with which they are concerned and to be able to suggest directions along which developments may proceed.
Auflage
Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1978
Sprache
Verlagsort
Zielgruppe
Illustrationen
Maße
Höhe: 21.6 cm
Breite: 14 cm
ISBN-13
978-94-009-9223-8 (9789400992238)
DOI
10.1007/978-94-009-9221-4
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1 The Historical Development of Rubber Chemistry.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Early Years.- 1.3. Synthetic Rubber.- 1.4. Hot and Cold War: Hot and Cold Rubber.- 1.5. Stereo and Speciality Rubbers.- 1.6. Reactivity of Rubbers.- 1.7. Future Trends.- 2 The Chemical Nature of the Natural Rubber Molecule.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. The Chemical Formula of Natural Rubber.- 2.3. Molecular Weight and the Molecular Weight Distribution.- 2.4. Minor Groupings and Microgel.- 2.5. End-groups.- 2.6. The Protein Effect.- 3 The Molecular Nature of Rubber Elasticity.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Molecular Dimensions.- 3.3. Elasticity of a Single Chain.- 3.4. Elasticity of a Network.- 3.5. Non-Gaussian Networks.- 3.6. Alternative Relationships.- 3.7. Thermodynamic Aspects.- 3.8. Conclusions.- 4 Structure-Property Relationships in Rubbers.- 4.1. Basic Considerations.- 4.2. Non-rubbery Properties.- 4.3. Structure and Processing Properties.- 4.4. Strength of Rubbers.- 5 Diene Homopolymer Rubbers.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Preparation of Monomers.- 5.3. Isomerism in Diene Rubbers.- 5.4. Characterization of Microstructure.- 5.5. Polymerization of Dienes.- 5.6. Structure and Properties of Diene Rubbers.- 6 Diene-Based Copolymers.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Copolymer Structure-General Considerations.- 6.3. Styrene-Butadiene Rubber.- 6.4. Nitrile Rubbers.- 6.5. Vinyl Pyridine Rubbers.- 6.6. Butadiene-Methyl Isopropenyl Ketone Rubbers.- 6.7. Alternating Olefin-Diolefin Copolymers.- 7 Reactivity of Diene Rubbers-I.- 7.1. General Considerations.- 7.2. Reactivity of Alkenes.- 7.3. Hydrogenation.- 7.4. Hydrohalogenation.- 7.5. Halogenation.- 7.6. Cis-Trans-Isomerization.- 7.7. Cyclized Rubber.- 7.8. Maleic Derivatives.- 7.9. Epoxidized, Hydroxy-esterified and Hydroxy-halogenated Diene Polymers.- 7.10. 'Ene' and 1, 3-Dipolar Reactions.- 7.11. Conclusions.- 8 Reactivity of Diene Rubbers-II: Cross-Linking Processes.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Accelerated Sulphur Vulcanization.- 8.3. Vulcanization by Sulphur-containing Compounds.- 8.4. Vulcanization without Sulphur or Sulphur Compounds.- 9 Reactivity of Diene Rubbers-III: Oxidation And Related Processes.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Oxidation of Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.- 9.3. Oxidation of Sulphides and Olefin-Sulphide Systems.- 9.4. Oxidation of Diene Rubber Network Structures.- 9.5. Protection against Oxidation.- 9.6. Mastication, Oxidation and Mechanochemistry.- 9.7. Reaction of Ozone with Diene Rubbers.- 10 Polychloroprene.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Monomer Preparation and Properties.- 10.3. Polymerization.- 10.4. Polymer Structure.- 10.5. Vulcanization.- 10.6. Oxidation and Ageing.- 10.7. Technological Comparison of Polychloroprenes.- 11 Polyisobutene and Butyl Rubber.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Polymerization Chemistry and Manufacture.- 11.3. Structure of Polyisobutene and Butyl Rubber.- 11.4. Halogenation of Butyl Rubber.- 11.5. Identification and Characterization.- 11.6. Cross-linking of Butyl.- 11.7. Miscellaneous Butyl-type Rubbers.- 12 Rubbers Based on Ethylene.- 12.1. Introduction.- 12.2. Ethylene-Propylene Rubbers.- 12.3. Rubbery Copolymers of Ethylene with Polar Monomers.- 12.4. Chlorinated and Chlorosulphonated Polymers.- 13 Fluorine-Containing Rubbers.- 13.1. Introduction.- 13.2. Early Developments.- 13.3. Copolymers Containing Vinylidene Fluoride.- 13.4. Copolymers Containing Perfluoro (Methyl Vinyl Ether).- 13.5. Nitroso-fluoroelastomers.- 13.6. Phosphonitrile Fluoroelastomers.- 13.7. Perfluoroalkylenetriazine Elastomers.- 13.8. Poly(Thiocarbonyl Fluoride) and Related Elastomers.- 13.9. Miscellaneous Fluoroelastomers.- 14 Acrylic Rubbers.- 14.1. Introduction.- 14.2. General Polymerization Chemistry of Acrylic Rubbers.- 14.3. The Development of Oil-resistant Rubbers with Low Brittle Point.- 14.4. Reactive Cure Sites.- 14.5. Curing Systems.- 14.6. Ageing of Acrylic Rubbers.- 14.7. Polyvinyl Ether Elastomers.- 15 Rubbers Produced by Condensation and Ring Opening Polymerization Mechanisms.- 15.1. Introduction.- 15.2. Polyesters and Polyester-amides.- 15.3. Polyamides.- 15.4. Polyethers and Polythioethers.- 15.5. Polysulphides.- 15.6. The Silicones.- 15.7. Polyalkenamers.- 15.8. Polynorbornene.- 16 Polyurethane Rubbers.- 16.1. Introduction.- 16.2. Intermediates, Structure and Properties.- 16.3. Cross-linking and Physical Properties.- 16.4. Cast Polyurethane Rubbers.- 16.5. Millable Gums.- 16.6. Cellular Polyurethanes.- 16.7. Thermoplastic Polyurethanes.- 16.8. Toxicity Hazards in Polyurethane Technology.- 17 Thermoplastic Rubbers.- 17.1 Introduction.- 17.2. Block Copolymers.- 17.3. Survey of Industrial Block Copolymer Thermoplastic Rubbers.
