"Both teacher and reader will find here a careful presentation of both text and illustrations. The writing is clear, the organization is logical, and the illustrations are appropriate... this book is indeed good value." (TINS)
"...the author has met his objective of whetting the appetite of his readers and encouraging the further pursuit of the subject." (Journal of Anatomy)
"Brown argues (correctly in this reviewer's opinion) that neuroscience is primarily an experimental endeavor and therefore is taught best by presenting udergraduate students with the methods as well as the data of "classical" neurophysiological experiments. To this end, Brown has done a good job of supporting basic ideas with actual experimental methodology and results." (Choice)
Auflage
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Zielgruppe
Für höhere Schule und Studium
Research
Illustrationen
212 s/w Abbildungen
212 figures
Maße
Höhe: 27 cm
Breite: 19.3 cm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-3-540-19637-2 (9783540196372)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4471-3345-2
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1 Introduction to Nerve Cells and Nervous Systems.- The Nervous System and Control.- The Nervous System and Communication.- Nerve Cells.- The Generalized Neuron.- The Anatomy of Neurons.- The General Plan of Nervous Systems.- The Neuroglia.- Regulation of the External Environment of Neurons.- Summary.- 2 The Cell Membrane and Ionic Permeability.- The Structure of the Cell Membrane.- Non-gated Channels and the Resting Potential.- Resting Potential of an Ideal Cell.- Passive Electrical Properties of Nerve Cells.- Summary.- 3 The Action Potential and Voltage-Gated Channels.- Electrically Excitable Cells.- Ionic Basis of Action Potentials in Nerve.- Voltage Clamp Experiments.- The Initial Inward Current Is Due To Movement of Sodium Ions.- The Later Outward Current Is Due To Movement of Potassium Ions.- The Inward and Outward Currents Can Be Separated by Drugs.- The Separate Sodium and Potassium Conductances Can Be Determined.- Sodium Inactivation Is a Distinct Process.- Action Potential Shape and Propagation Can Be Predicted on a Theoretical Basis.- Summary of the Action Potential.- Voltage-Gated Channels in Electrically Excitable Membranes.- Gating Currents.- Density of Sodium Channels.- Activity of Single Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels.- Selectivity of the Sodium Channel.- Voltage-Gated Potassium and Calcium Channels.- Changes in Internal Ion Concentration Due To the Action Potential.- Summary.- 4 Propagation of the Action Potential - The Nerve Impulse.- Passive Electrical Properties of the Cell Membrane.- Local Circuits.- The Effect of Axon Diameter on Conduction Velocity.- Myelination and Saltatory Conduction.- Voltage-Gated Channels and Impulse Propagation.- The Length of Axon Involved in a Nerve Impulse.- Extracellular Field Potentials.- Extracellular Recording from a Single Axon.- Extracellular Recording from a Nerve Bundle - The Compound Action Potential.- Summary.- 5 General Properties of Synaptic Transmission.- Electrical Synaptic Transmission.- Excitatory Electrical Synaptic Transmission.- Inhibitory Electrical Transmission.- Chemical Synaptic Transmission.- Neurotransmitters.- Release of Transmitter.- Effects of Transmitter-Receptor Combination.- Presynaptic Control of Chemical Transmission.- Summary.- 6 The Presynaptic Neuron I: Release and Storage of Transmitter.- Control of Transmitter Release.- Release of Transmitter in Packets or Quanta.- Quantal Content.- Storage of Transmitter.- The Vesicle Hypothesis.- Transmitter Stores.- Summary.- 7 The Presynaptic Neuron II: Neurotransmitters.- Transmitters - Definition and Identification.- A Classification of Transmitters.- Low Molecular Weight Transmitters.- Neuroactive Peptides.- Some General Principles about Transmitters.- Some Transmitters Appear To Be Either Excitatory or Inhibitory but Not Both.- Some Transmitters May Have Either Excitatory or Inhibitory Actions.- Many Neurons Contain Both a Classical Small Molecule Transmitter and a Neuroactive Peptide.- A Single Neuron May Release More Than One Transmitter.- Some Neuronal Systems Containing Particular Transmitters Appear To Have Very Wide-ranging Actions in the Brain.- Axonal Transport.- Summary.- 8 The Postsynaptic Neuron I: Actions of Transmitters.- Postsynaptic Receptors.- Receptors That Control Ionic Channels.- Receptors That Act Through Intracellular Second Messengers.- Consequences of Transmitter-Receptor Combination.- Actions at Chemically Gated Ion Channels.- Actions that Affect the Metabolism of the Postsynaptic Cell.- Summary.- 9 The Postsynaptic Neuron II: The Initiation of Impulses.- Generation of Single Impulses in Motoneurons.- Initiation of Trains of Impulses.- Motoneurons.- Other Neurons.- Impulses in Dendrites.- Summary.- 10 The Neuron as an Integrative Device.- Neuron Doctrine and the Law of Dynamic Polarization.- The Generalized Neuron Concept.- The Generalized Neuron as a Model for the Mammalian Motoneuron.- Importance of Synaptic Location.- Excitatory Synaptic Location on Motoneurons.- Inhibitory Synapses.- Consequences of Synaptic Location Specificity.- Dendritic Spines.- Dendrodendritic Interactions.- Summary.- 11 Transmission Between Identified Pairs of Neurons.- Transmission Between Ia Afferent Fibres from Muscle Spindles and Spinal Motoneurons.- Anatomy of the Ia-Alpha-motoneuron System.- Actions of the Ia Afferent Fibres on Motoneurons.- Transmission Between Hair Follicle Afferent Fibres and Spinocervical Tract Neurons.- Anatomy of Hair Follicle Afferent Terminations and Spinocervical Tract Neurons.- Physiology of Hair Follicle Afferent Fibres and Spinocervical Tract Neurons.- Hair Follicle Afferent Fibre Synapses on SCT Neurons.- Actions of Single Hair Follicle Afferent Fibres on SCT Cells.- Summary.- 12 Sense Organ Mechanisms.- Sense Organ Specificity.- Sensory Transduction Mechanisms.- Crayfish Stretch Receptor.- Vertebrate Photoreceptors.- Adaptation of Sensory Signals.- Stimulus Encoding.- Dynamic and Static Components of the Response.- Encoding by Grouped Impulse Discharges.- Centrifugal Control of Sense Organs.- Mammalian Muscle Spindles and their Centrifugal Control.- Summary.- 13 Functional Organization in Groups of Neurons.- Properties of Small Neuronal Circuits.- The Two-Neuron Reflex Arc.- Convergence and Divergence Within the Two-Neuron Arc.- Addition of Interneurons to the Two-Neuron Arc.- Segmental Motor Apparatus - An Example of the Operation of Small Groups of Neurons.- The Spinal Monosynaptic Reflex.- Reciprocal Inhibition of Motoneurons from la Afferent Fibres.- Group la Afferent Fibres from Spindle Secondary Endings and the Monosynaptic Reflex Arc.- Reflex Actions of Group lb Afferent Fibres from Golgi Tendon Organs.- Flexion Reflex and Crossed Extension Reflex.- Gamma-motoneurons and the Control of Muscle Spindle Sensitivity.- Other Influences on the Segmental Motor Apparatus.- The Modular Design of Nervous Systems.- Modular Design in the Spinal Cord.- Modular Design of the Cerebellum.- Modular Organization in the Cerebral Cortex.- Summary.- 14 Structural Organization of Specific Sensory and Motor Systems.- Sensory Systems - Hierarchical Organization.- Primary Afferent Neurons.- Relay Nuclei.- The Thalamus.- Cerebral Cortex.- Specific Sensory Systems - Parallel Pathways.- Parallel Pathways in the Visual System.- Parallel Pathways in the Somatosensory System.- Descending (Centrifugal) Loops in the Ascending Sensory Systems.- Motor Systems - Hierarchical and Parallel Pathways.- Systems Controlling the Motor Hierarchy.- Summary.- 15 Functional Properties of Specific Sensory and Motor Systems.- Functional Properties of Specific Sensory Systems.- Modality Specificity.- Place Specificity.- The Concept of Receptive Field.- Receptive Field Organization for Feature Extraction.- Submodality Convergence.- Centrifugal Control in Sensory Systems.- Functional Properties of Specific Motor Systems.- Stimulus-Triggered Reactions.- Centrally Programmed Movements.- Voluntary Movement.- Maps in the Brain.- Summary.- 16 The Nervous System and Homeostasis - Interactions with the Internal and External Environments.- The Neuroendocrine System.- Magnocellular Neurosecretory System.- Parvocellular Neurosecretory System.- Behavioural State - Sleeping and Waking.- Sleeping and Waking.- Motivational Behaviour.- Non-Specific Activation.- Homeostasis and Motivational Behaviour.- Control of Nociception.- Segmental Control of Nociceptive Input.- Descending Control of Nociception.- Summary.- 17 Formation, Maintenance and Plasticity of Synapses.- Development of the Nervous System.- Determination of Nervous Tissue.- Cell Differentiation.- Synapse Formation and the Maintenance of Connexions.- Formation of Synaptic Connexions in the Visual System.- Matching of Neuronal Population.- Nerve Growth Factor.- Effects of Nerve on Muscle.- Effects of Denervation in the Central Nervous System.- Abnormal Experience and the Formation of Synaptic Connexions.- Summary.- 18 Learning and Memory.- Forms of Learning and Memory.- Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory in Invertebrates.- Non-associative Learning: Habituation and Sensitization.- Associative Learning in Invertebrates: Classical Conditioning.- Cellular Mechanism of Learning in Vertebrates.- Mechanisms Underlying Long-term Potentiation in the Hippocampus.- Long-term Depression in the Cerebellum.- Learning and Memory in Humans.- Summary.- References.- Further Reading.
