Foreword 7; Introduction 11; Molecular methods and equine genetic diversity 15; E.P. Cunningham; The use of markers for characterising genetic resources 25; L. Ollivier, C. Chevalet and J.L. Foulley; A review on the methods of parentage and inbreeding analysis with molecular markers 35; B. Langlois; Genetic distance as a tool in the conservation of rare horse breeds 55; E.G. Cothran and C. Luis; Variation of mitochondrial DNA in Lipizzan horses 73; T. Kavar, F. Habe, H. Solkner and P. Dovc; Analysis of inbreeding in the genetic resource of the "Old Kladrub horse" in the period from 1993 to 2003 85; V. Jakubec, J. Volenec, I. Majzlik and W. Schlote; The numerical and genetic status of native horse and pony breeds in Britain 91; G.L.H. Alderson; Characterisation of several Connemara Pony populations 99; D. Feely, P. Brophy and K. Quinn; Genetic characterisation of the Croatian autochthonous horse breeds based on polymorphic blood proteins and mtDNA data 105; A. Ivankovic, P. Dovc, P. Caput, P. Mijic and M. Konjacic; Estimation of genetic distance between traditional horse breeds in Hungary 111; S. Mihok, B. Ban, C. Jozsa, and I. Bodo; Genetic diversity of the Akhal-Teke horse breed in Turkmenistan based on microsatellite analysis 123; A. Szontagh, B. Ban, I. Bodo, E.G. Cothran, W. Hecker, Cs. Jozsa, A. Major; Rare horse breeds in Northern Europe 129; M.T. Saastamoinen and M. Maenpaa; Use of probabilities of gene origin to describe genetic varation in two endangered Norwegian horse breeds 137; H.F. Olsen, G. Klemetsdal, J. Ruane and T. Helfjord; Bardigiano horse selection: a genetic global index for linear type traits 147; M. Fioretti, A.L. Catalano, A. Rosati and F. Martuzzi; The Italian Heavy Draught Horse breed: origin, breeding program, efficiency of the selection scheme and inbreeding 155; R. Mantovani, G. Pigozzi and G. Bittante; Genetic characterization of Pentro young horses by microsatellite markers 163; D. Iamartino, M. Fidotti, N. Miraglia and F. Pilla. The Retuertas horse: the "missing link" in the Iberoamerican horse breeds origin? 167; J.L. Vega-Pla, J. Calderon, P.P. Rodriguez-Gallardo, B. Alcaide, F.T.P.S. Sereno, M.R. Costa, E. Perez-Pineda, J.V. Delgado and C. Rico; Genetic diversity of the Zemaitukai Horse 177; R. Juras and E.G. Cothran; Keyword index 185; Author index 187.