1. Introduction.
Problems at the Local Loop. Bandwidth Requirements Beyond Voice. Problems Beyond the Local Loop. Growth in Voice, Data and Video Use. The Increased Need for More Capacity. Circuit and Packet Switching. Approaches to Solving the Problems. Present Residential Local Loop Configuration. Full Service Terminal. An Overview of the Local Loop. LATAs. The Outside Plant. Subscriber Loop Systems. POTS Design Goals. Digital Loop Carrier (DLC) Systems. Basic Subscriber System Arrangement. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). Coding/Modulation and Wiring Schemes. High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL). ADSL/VADSL. Access Technologies (Wiring Plans). FTTC, FTTH: FITL. Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC). Switched Digital Video (SDV). SONET in Residential Broadband. ATM in Residential Broadband. Wireless Topology for Residential Broadband. Summary.
2. Coding and Modulation.
High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) Modulation. Multilevel Coding. Symbol Rates and Bit Rates. Carrierless Amplitude Modulation (CAP). Analysis of CAP Performance. The ATM Forum CAP Specification. Discrete Multi-tone (DMT) Modulation. CAP/QAM versus DMT. Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). ADSL Architecture. RADSL and VDSL. ITU-T V Series Modems. Crosstalk. Summary.
3.GR-303: Current RBB Architecture.
GR-303 Architecture. IDLC Architecture. Types of Services. Remote Digital Terminal (RDT). Integrated Network Access. The GR-303 Layered Model. GR-303 Framing Conventions. Call Processing Options. GR-303 and the Signaling bits. LAPD in GR-303 Operations. Example of LAPD Operations. GR-303 Requirements for LAPD. The Basic Rate Interface (BRI) Topologies. The Service Access Point Identifiers (SAPI). Other LAPD Operations. SAPI/TEI Addressing Conventions. GR-303 Layer 3 Operation. Assignment Initiations. Timeslot Clearing. Loop Start Circuits. Establishment by Customer (Loop Start Circuits). Clearing (Loop Start Circuits). Ground Start Circuits. Establishment by Customer (Ground Start Circuits). Call Clearing (Loop Reverse Battery Circuits). 911 Calls (Loop Reverse Battery Circuits). Reverting Call Establishment (Multiparty Option). ISDN Basic Access Circuits. GR-303 Messages. Functions of the Messages. Information Elements (Parameters) in the Message. Summary.
4.Fiber in the Loop and the Synchronous Optical Network (SONET).
Active Network Interface Device (ANID). Coaxial Spectrum Allocation. The ANID Interfaces and layers. Physical Layer to Coaxial and Twisted Pair Plant at NIU (1). Data Link Layer at the NIU (2). Physical Layer on the Customer Side NIU (3). Physical Layer on the Customer Side (SIU) (4). Data Link Layer at the SIU (5). Session Layer at the SIU (6). Physical Layer Interface between SIU and Customer Plant (7). Other FITL Services. SONET in Residential Broadband. Structural Diversity in the Access Network. Line Protection and Path Protection. Restoration Alternatives. Summary of Options for Protecting the Distribution Network. 1+1 and 1:1 Linear Configurations. 1:N Linear Configuration. Regenerator. Two- or Four-Fiber Ring/Add-Drop Multiplexer. SONET Payloads. SONET Configuration. SONET Signal Hierarchy. SONET Transmission and Relationship to Asynchronous Payloads. The Envelope (Frame). Pointer Operations. Vt/VC Groups. Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM). Bandwidth Management. Summary.
5.ATM Networks in Two-Way Access Systems.
features of atm. The ATM Cell. Switching. Examples of Protocol Placement in the B-ISDN Layers. The ATM ADAPTATION Layer (AAL). Service Classes. ATM Forum RBB. ATM RBB Reference Architecture. ATM Digital Terminal (ADT). ATM Interface Unit (AIU). ATM over HFC. Physical Interface for the Home ATM Network. ATM over ADSL. ATM Connection-Oriented Options on Residential Broadband. Relationship of the ATM Forum and IEEE 802.14 Specifications. Summary.
6.Internet and LAN Considerations.
Problems with the Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Problems with the Telephone Service Providers. Some Solutions. Modem Termination Options. The 56 kbits Modem. Using the local loop for lan access. Summary.
7.New Generation Protocols for RBB HFC.
The IEEE 802.14 Specification. The Adaptive DigiTal Access Protocol (ADAPt+). ADAPt+ Functional Groups. The PHY Layer. Symbol Rates, Bit Rates, and Byte Rates for ADAPt+. Bandwidth Capacity. Upstream and Downstream Synchronization. Upstream and Downstream Byte Rates. Downstream and Upstream PDU Structure. Downstream PDU Structure. Framing. Fast Control Field (FCF). ATR1 and ATR2 PDUs and Sdus. Forward Error Correction (FEC). Upstream PDU Structure. Upstream PHY Layer Requirements. The Contention Protocol. Bandwidth Requests and Allocations. Summary of the ADAPt+ Operations. Summary.
8.Fixed Wireless Access.
Topology of Fixed Wireless Access (FWA). Fixed Wireless versus Fixed Wire Access. Wireless Local Loop (WLL) Options. Local Multipoint Multichannel Distribution Service (LMDS) and Multipoint Multichannel Distribution Service (MMDS). CDMA and TDMA. TDMA Concepts. CDMA Concepts. CDMA: Pros and Cons. DECT: An Alternative for FWA. DECT Architecture. DECT's Future in RBB? Current Issues With Spectrum Allocation. Cost-Sharing Formula. Effect of the Spectrum Allocation Plan in RBB. U.S. Market Forecast. Summary.
Appendix A.Signaling Basics.
Common Terms and Operations. Access and Supervisory Signaling. Signaling Arrangement (Loop start). Ground start signaling. Wink Start Signaling. Multifrequency Codes. DTMF Pairs. Example of Trunk-side Access Arrangement. OperAtor Service Signaling (SO).
Appendix B.Media.
Importance of Communications Media. Local Loops. Twisted-Pair Cable. Shielded and Unshielded Cable. Electronics Industries Association (EIA) Cable Categories. Coaxial Cable. Optical Fiber. Radio Frequency Bands. A Microwave System. Satellite Communications. Geosynchronous Satellites. Cellular Radio. Upcoming Wireless Networks.
Appendix C.V.34.
Features of V.34. Symbol Rates and Carrier Frequencies. The V.34 Use of V.24 Interchange Circuits. V8 and V.34 Signals and Their use. V.36 Phases. Phase 1: Network Interaction. Phase 2. Phase 3. Phase 4.
Appendix D.Channel Performance and Measurements.
Decibel Losses and Power Ratio. Decibels and Signal-to-Noise Ratios. dB Losses in Relation to Power Losses in Electrical Circuits. The Carrier Interference Ratio (Co-Channel Interference). Decibel 1 milliwatt. Example. Nyquist Model. Noise and Shannon's Law.
Appendix E.TR-57, TR-507, TR-08.
aspects of tr-57. aspects of TR-507. aspects of TR-08.
Appendix F.GR-303 Requirements for ADSL, HFC, ATM, and Wireless-loop Distribution.
GR-303-ILF Requirements. ADSL/IDLC Functional Reference Architecture. GR-303 ADSL/IDLC Requirements (Not all-inclusive). GR-303 HFC Requirements. GR-303-Wireless-Loop Distribution System (WLDS) Requirements. GR-303 Wireless-Loop Distribution System (WLDS). Summary.
Additional References and Acknowledgments.
Index.
