Introduction 1. The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis, Evsey D. Domar 2. Some Considerations Relating to Property Rights in Man, Stanley L. Engerman 3. The Volume of the Atlantic Slave Trade: A Synthesis, Paul E. Lovejoy 4. The Inter-Atlantic Paradigm: The Failure of Spanish Medieval Colonization of the Canary and Caribbean Islands, Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo 5. Waranga, Akan and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries: The Matter of Bitu, Ivor Wilks 6. Slavery in Africa and the Slave Trades from Africa, Janet J. Ewald 7. Slaves and Society in Western Africa, c.1445-c.1700, J. D. Fage 8. Estimating Aboriginal American Population: An Appraisal of Techniques with a New Hemispheric Estimate, Henry F. Dobyns 9. The Indian Population of North America in 1492, John D. Daniels 10. The Tanios of Hispaniola: The Island's First Inhabitants, Frank Moya Pons 11. Indian Labor and New World Plantations: European Demands and Indian Responses in Northeastern Brazil, Stuart B. Schwartz 12. Cultural Change and Military Resistance in Araucanian Chile, 1550-1730, Robert Charles Padden 13. From Indian to Slave: Forced Native Labour and Colonial Society in Sao Paulo during the Seventeenth Century, John M. Monteiro 14. Iberian Expansion and the Issue of Black Slavery: Changing Portuguese Attitudes, 1440-1700, A. J. R. Russell-Wood 15. English Trade with the Portuguese Empire in West Africa, 1581-1629, John W. Blake 16. Protestants as Pirates, Slavers and Proto-missionaries: Sierra Leone 1568 and 1582, P. E. H. Hair 17. From Africa to the Americas: Ethnicity in the Early Black Communities of the Americas, Colin A. Palmer. Name Index.