This book presents episodes from the mathematics of medieval Islam, work which has had a great impact on the development of mathematics. The author describes the subject in its proper historical context, referring to specific Arabic texts. Among the topics discussed are decimal arithmetic, plane and spherical trigonometry, algebra, interpolation and approximation of roots of equations. This book should be of great interest to historians of mathematics, as well as to students of mathematics. The presentation is readily accessible to anyone with a background in high school mathematics.
Rezensionen / Stimmen
From the reviews: J.L. Berggren Episodes in the Mathematics of Medieval Islam "[The] first book of its kind ... Very interesting. It is definitely the product of a skillful mathematician who has collected over the years a reasonably large number of interesting problems from medieval Arabic mathematics. None of them is pursued to exhaustion, but all of them arranged in such a way, together with accompanying exercises, so that they would engage an active mind and introduce a subject." -ZENTRALBLATT MATH "This is a most scholarly book. The presentation is in the style of a textbook; each of the six chapters being followed by a set of exercises and a bibliography. ... There is a good table of contents and a comprehensive index. ... This is an excellent book full of information and thought-provoking ideas. It is worthy of careful study which will lead to a greater understanding of what the Islamic world has contributed to mathematics." (D.Stander, The Mathematical Gazette, Vol. 89 (515), 2005) "Written in 1986 and inspired by Asger Aaboe's classic Episodes in the Early History of Mathematics, this book contains a wealth of classroom-ready examples of much of the mathematics one finds in high school and early college ... . Springer has taken the right step by issuing a paperback edition to get the book into the hands of a more general readership. ... The re-issue of this gem is significant and welcomed. It will enrich your classes and deepen your perspective on mathematics and culture." (Glen van Brummelen, The MAA Mathematical Sciences Digital Library, January, 2004)
Auflage
Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986
Sprache
Verlagsort
Zielgruppe
Für Beruf und Forschung
Professional/practitioner
Produkt-Hinweis
Illustrationen
18
18 s/w Abbildungen
18 black & white illustrations, biography
Maße
Höhe: 23.5 cm
Breite: 15.5 cm
Dicke: 11 mm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-0-387-40605-3 (9780387406053)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4612-4608-4
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1. Introduction.- §1. The Beginnings of Islam.- §2. Islam's Reception of Foreign Science.- §3. Four Muslim Scientists.- Al-Khw?rizm?.- Al-B?r?n?.- 'Umar al-Khayy?m?.- Al-K?sh?.- §4. The Sources.- §5. The Arabic Language and Arabic Names.- The Language.- Transliterating Arabic.- Arabic Names.- Exercises.- 2. Islamic Arithmetic.- §1. The Decimal System.- §2. K?shy?r's Arithmetic.- Survey of The Arithmetic.- Addition.- Subtraction.- Multiplication.- Division.- §3. The Discovery of Decimal Fractions.- §4. Muslim Sexagesimal Arithmetic.- History of Sexagesimals.- Sexagesimal Addition and Subtraction.- Sexagesimal Multiplication.- Multiplication by Levelling.- Multiplication Tables.- Methods of Sexagesimal Multiplication.- Sexagesimal Division.- §5. Square Roots.- Obtaining Approximate Square Roots.- Justifying the Approximation.- Justifying the Fractional Part.- Justifying the Integral Part.- §6. Al-K?sh?'s Extraction of a Fifth Root.- Laying Out the Work.- The Procedure for the First Two Digits.- Justification for the Procedure.- The Remaining Procedure.- The Fractional Part of the Root.- §7. The Islamic Dimension: Problems of Inheritance.- The First Problem of Inheritance.- The Second Problem of Inheritance.- On the Calculation of Zak?t.- Exercises.- 3. Geometrical Constructions in the Islamic World.- §1. Euclidean Constructions.- §2. Greek Sources for Islamic Geometry.- §3. Apollonios' Theory of the Conics.- Symptom of the Parabola.- Symptom of the Hyperbola.- §4. Ab? Sahl on the Regular Heptagon.- Archimedes' Construction of the Regular Heptagon.- Ab? Sahl's Analysis.- First Reduction: From Heptagon to Triangle.- Second Reduction: From Triangle to Division of Line Segment.- Third Reduction: From the Divided Line Segment to Conic Sections.- §5. The Construction of the Regular Nonagon.- Verging Constructions.- Fixed Versus Moving Geometry.- Ab? Sahl's Trisection of the Angle.- §6. Construction of the Conic Sections.- Life of Ibr?h?m b. Sin?n.- Ibr?h?m b. Sin?n on the Parabola.- Ibr?h?m b. Sin?n on the Hyperbola.- §7. The Islamic Dimension: Geometry with a Rusty Compass.- Problem 1.- Problem 2.- Problem 3.- Problem 4.- Problem 5.- Exercises.- 4. Algebra in Islam.- §1. Problems About Unknown Quantities.- §2. Sources of Islamic Algebra.- §3. Al-Khw?rizm?'s Algebra.- The Name "Algebra".- Basic Ideas in Al-Khw?rizm?'s Algebra.- Al-Khw?rizm?'s Discussion of x2 + 21 = 10x.- §4. Thabit's Demonstration for Quadratic Equations.- Preliminaries.- Th?bit's Demonstration.- §5. Ab? K?mil on Algebra.- Similarities with al-Khw?rizm?.- Advances Beyond al-Khw?rizm?.- A Problem from Ab? K?mil.- §6. Al-Karaj?'s Arithmetization of Algebra.- Al-Samaw'al on the Law of Exponents.- Al-Samaw'al on the Division of Polynomials.- The First Example.- The Second Example.- §7. 'Umar al-Khayy?m? and the Cubic Equation.- The Background to 'Umar's Work.- 'Umar's Classification of Cubic Equations.- 'Umar's Treatment of x3 + mx = n.- Preliminaries.- The Main Discussion.- 'Umar's Discussion of the Number of Roots.- §8. The Islamic Dimension: The Algebra of Legacies.- Exercises.- 5. Trigonometry in the Islamic World.- §1. Ancient Background: The Table of Chords and the Sine.- §2. The Introduction of the Six Trigonometric Functions.- §3. Abu l-Waf?'s Proof of the Addition Theorem for Sines.- §4. Nas?r al-D?n's Proof of the Sine Law.- §5. Al-B?r?n?'s Measurement of the Earth.- §6. Trigonometric Tables: Calculation and Interpolation.- §7. Auxiliary Functions.- §8. Interpolation Procedures.- Linear Interpolation.- Ibn Y?nus' Second-Order Interpolation Scheme.- §9. Al-K?sh?'s Approximation to Sin(1°).- Exercises.- 6. Spherics in the Islamic World.- §1. The Ancient Background.- §2. Important Circles on the Celestial Sphere.- §3. The Rising Times of the Zodiacal Signs.- §4. Stereographic Projection and the Astrolabe.- §5. Telling Time by Sun and Stars.- §6. Spherical Trigonometry in Islam.- §7. Tables for Spherical Astronomy.- §8. The Islamic Dimension: The Direction of Prayer.- Exercises.
