In Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts

Introduction: Toxicity Testing of Mineral Dusts.Past. Present. Future.- I. Minerals and Target Cells.- A. Role of Physicochemical Properties of Minerals.- 1. Physicochemical Properties of Minerals Relevant to Biological Activities: State of the Art.- 2. Surface Active Sites and Catalytic Properties of Asbestos Mineral. Possible Consequence for Their Activity in Biological Medium.- 3. Investigations into the Mechanisms of Asbestos Toxicity.- 4. Particle Size and Chemically-Induced Variability in the Membrolytic Activity of Quartz: Preliminary Observations.- B. Cellular Effects of Mineral Dusts.- 1. The Target Cells for Inhaled Mineral Dusts.- 2. A Potential Role for Oxygen Radicals in Mineral Dust-Induced Lung Injury: Lessons from Lung Injury from Hyperoxia.- 3. Mechanisms of Toxic Injury by Asbestos Fibers: Role of Oxygen-Free Radicals.- 4. Release of Superoxide Anion and Hydrogen Peroxide by Macrophages in Response to Asbestos.- 5. Stimulation of Neutrophil Chemiluminescence by Alveolar Macrophages from Patients Exposed to Asbestos.- 6. Broncho Alveolar Lavage in Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis: Oxidant and Antioxidant Activities of Alveolar Macrophages.- Summary and Synthesis of Part I A.- Summary and Synthesis of Part I B.- II. Immune Responses and Immunotoxicity.- 1. Immune Responses Induced by Mineral Dusts.- 2. Effect of Asbestos Preparations on the Random Migration Pattern of Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages.- 3. Inhaled Asbestos Fibers Produce Complement-Derived Chemotactic Factor(s) on Alveolar Surfaces.- 4. Immunoregulation During Experimental Asbestosis.- 5. Enhanced Interleukin Production and Alveolar Macrophage Ia Expression after Asbestos Inhalation.- 6. Cytotoxicity of Native- and Surface-Modified Asbestos.- Summary and Synthesis of Part II.- III. Carcinogenicity and Related Genotoxic Events.- 1. Cell Transformation: State of the Art.- 2. Toxicity of Asbestos and Glass Fibers for Rat Tracheal Epithelial Cells in Culture.- 3. Transformation of Mammalian Cells in Culture by Asbestos and Other Mineral Dusts: A Mechanism Involving Chromosomal Mutation.- 4. Asbestos-Associated Chromosomal Changes in Human Mesothelial Cells.- 5. Induction of Transformation in Cultured Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells by Chrysotile Fibres.- 6. Preliminary Results on Oncogenes in Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells Transformed in Vitro by Benzo(a)Pyrene and/or Chrysotile.- 7. Comparative Responses of Cultured Cells to Asbestos Fibres in Relation to Carcinogenicity.- 8. Effect of Asbestos on the Microsomal Metabolism and Bio-Activation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 9. Effect of Fibrous Mineral Dusts on the Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Activity of Rat Alveolar Macrophages in Vitro.- 10. Cytokinetic Effect and Cytotoxic Action of Chromium Compound on Human Fibroblast in Culture.- 11. Mutagenic Activity of Benzo(a)Pyrene-Coated Particles.- 12. In Vitro Simulation of Concurrent Exposures to Asbestos Fibers and Nitrosamines.- 13. Genotoxic Effects of Natural and Man-Made Mineral Fibers.- 14. Lipid Peroxidation and the Generation of Malondialdehyde in Crocidolite-Treated Cell Cultures.- Summary and Synthesis of Part III.- IV. Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cell Metabolism in Relation to Inflammation and Fibrogenesis.- A. Synthesis and Release of Mediators.- 1. Cell-Derived Mediators in Relation to Asbestos-Related Tissue Injury and Fibrogenesis.- 2. Production of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites by Alveolar Macrophages Treated with Asbestos.- 3. Exposure or Small Airways to Cristobalite in Vitro.- 4. Asbestos and Fibrous Glass Induce Biosynthesis of Polyamines in Tracheo-Bronchial Epithelial Cells in Vitro.- 5. The Release of Inflammatory Mediators from Cells Treated with Leached Asbestos.- B. Other Effects and Fibrogenesis.- 1. Bioassays for Mineral Dusts and Other Particulates.- 2. Autacoids and Peptides in Normal and Asbestos-Exposed Rat Lungs: Tissue and Isolated Cell Contents.- 3. Early Cellular Changes in Crocidolite-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.- 4. Secretion of Fibronectin by Dust-Induced Alveolar Macrophages.- 5. Bronchoalveolar and Lung Tissue Analyses in Asbestos-Exposed Humans and Sheep.- 6. Progress in Studies on Experimental Silicosis and in the Characterization of the Fibrogenic Factor.- 7. Asbestos Fibers Enhance the Production of a Mesothelial Cell-Derived Soluble Factor which Stimulates Fibroblast DNA Synthesis.- Summary and Synthesis of Part IV A.- Summary and Synthesis of Part IV B.- V. Evalution of in Vitro Test Systems.- 1. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Systems for Mineral Dusts. State of the Art.- 2. The Effects of Fiber Length on the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Asbestos Samples in Three Different Assay Systems.- 3. Comparisons of the Biological Effects of Mineral Fibre Samples Using In Vitro and In Vivo Assay Systems.- 4. Effects of Amosite Fibers of Different Sizes on Lavagable Cells and Epithelial permeability of the Lung.- 5. Relationships Between in Vitro Toxicity, Tissue Effects and Mineralogical Composition of Coal Mine Dusts.- 6. Properties of Mixed Mine Dusts and Their Relationship to Pneumoconiosis.- 7. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Lead Chromate Particles in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Rat Alveolar Macrophages.- Consensus Panels: I) Role of various parameters of fibrous dusts (dose, dimension, type, surface properties) in relation to pathogenesis.- II) Can we anticipate short-term tests for predicting in vivo responses to mineral dusts (particularly genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and fibrogenicity)?.- VI. Poster Session.- 1. Evaluation of Dust Toxicity by Short-Term Methods.- 2. Alveolar Macrophage-Derived Growth Factor for Fibroblasts: A Potential Mediator of Asbestos-Induced Fibrosis.- 3. Adsorption of 3-Methylcholanthrene onto Chrysotile Fibres Enhances Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Inducement in Mice.- 4. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Testing of Fly Ash Samples with Bovine Lung Macrophages.- 5. Adsorption Properties for PAH of Asbestos and Iron Oxides, in Relation with their Activity in Biological Medium.- 6. Involvement of Superoxide Radical in the Toxicity of Mineral Fibers.- 7. Biological Effects of Fume Silica (Amorphous Type).- 8. Importance of Grain Size and Mineral Content of Coal Mine Dusts for Cytotoxicity on Macrophages in Vitro.- 9. Attapulgite: Preparation of a Large Quantity of Inhalable Dust Needed for the Realization of in Vivo and in Vitro Biological Studies.- 10. Chromosomal Changes in Cultured Rat Mesothelial Cells Treated with Benzo-3 - 4-Pyrene and/or Chrysotile Asbestos.- 11. Erionite-Related Diseases in Turkey.- 12. A Comparison of in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity of Mineral Dusts.- 13. Determination of the Phagocytic Capacity of Rat Alveolar Macrophages Following Exposure to Inhalable Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Dust Fractions.- 14. Increased Cellular Density in the Presence of Asbestos Fibers.- 15. Failure of Attapulgite to Produce Tumors: Prediction of this Result by in Vitro Cytotoxicity Test.- 16. Interaction of DNA with Silicic Acid.