Archibald Garrod and the Individuality of Man

Archibald Garrod is chiefly remembered as the originator of the concept of inborn metabolic error, an idea which grew from his studies of families with diseases whose biochemical basis he was able to identify. He was recognized for his achievement in his own lifetime and held a respected position in the medical establishment, a position accorded to him on the basis of his scientific achievement rather than for any great clinical skill. But to concentrate on the concept of inborn errors is to overlook what has turned out to be Garrod's greatest achievement, for it was he who first saw that genetics, biochemistry, and medicine are fundamentally linked. He propounded, to all who would listen, his thesis that disease can only be properly studies in the light of an individual's genetic susceptibility, and that that in turn rests on biochemical individuality. Only by thinking of human diseases as the consequence of genetic and environmental interaction are the advances of today's and tomorrow's medicine possible. In this scholarly biography, Alexander G.
Bearn, himself a physician and a scientist in the Garrodian tradition, has drawn a portrait of one of the great minds of 20th century medicine.