Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III

I Atropa belladonna L.: In Vitro Culture, Regeneration of Plants, Cryopreservation and the Production of Tropane Alkaloids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Culture Studies.- 3 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- II Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) K. & R.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Secondary Metabolites.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- III Ailanthus altissima (the Tree of Heaven): In Vitro Culture and the Formation of Alkaloids and Quassinoids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions.- References.- IV Aconitum spp. (Monkshood): Somatic Embryogenesis, Plant Regeneration, and the Production of Aconitine and Other Alkaloids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Anthers.- 3 Clonal Propagation by Tip Tissue Culture.- 4 Analysis of Aconitine-Type Alkaloids.- 5 Conclusion.- 6 Protocol.- References.- V Apium graveolens L. (Celery): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Flavors.- 1 Occurrence and Importance of Celery.- 2 Composition of Celery Essential Oil.- 3 Extraction and Separation of Celery Essential Oil.- 4 Tissue Culture of Celery.- 5 Production of Flavor Compounds in Celery Tissue Cultures.- 6 Conclusions.- 7 Protocol for Extraction of Essential Oil from Celery.- References.- VI Aloe barbadensis Mill. (A. vera L.).- 1 General Account.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- VII Akebia quinata Decne (Akebi): In Vitro Culture and the Formation of Secondary Metabolites.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusion.- 4 Protocol.- References.- VIII Bidens alba (Smooth Beggar-Tick) and Bidens pilosa (Hairy Beggar-Tick).- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- IX Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower): Production of Vitamin E in Cell Cultures.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Culture of Safflower.- 3 Growth and Tocopherol Production in Safflower Cell Cultures.- 4 Metabolism of Tocopherols.- 5 Increase of Tocopherol Content by Greening of Cells.- 6 Production of Other Compounds.- 7 Conclusions.- References.- X Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert (Camomile): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Secondary Metabolites.- 1 General Account.- 2 Biotechnological Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- XI Carum carvi L. (Caraway): In Vitro Culture, Embryogenesis, and the Production of Aromatic Compounds.- 1 General Account.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Plant Development in the Field.- 4 Chromosome Analysis.- 5 Preliminary Reports of Encapsulation of Embryoids and Shoot Tips.- 6 Protocol.- 7 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- XII Citrus spp.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Naringin and Limonin.- 1 General Account.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Protocol.- References.- XIII Cymbopogon Spreng. (Aromatic Grasses): In Vitro Culture, Regeneration, and the Production of Essential Oils.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Protocol.- 4 Conclusion and Prospects.- References.- XIV Dysosma pleiantha (Hance) Woodson: Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Tissue Culture Studies.- 3 Conclusion and Prospects.- References.- XV Euphorbia spp.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Anthocyanins.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- XVI Fritillaria spp. (Fritillary): In Vitro Culture and the Regeneration of Plants.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusion and Prospects.- References.- XVII Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Licorice): Cell Culture, Regeneration, and the Production of Glycyrrhizin.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Culture of Licorice.- 3 Secondary Metabolites from Tissue Cultures.- 4 Protocol.- 5 Conclusion.- References.- XVIII Lavandula spp. (Lavender): In Vitro Culture, Regeneration of Plants, and the Formation of Essential Oils and Pigments.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- XIX Nigella spp.: In Vitro Culture, Regeneration, and the Formation of Secondary Metabolites.- 1 Characteristics of the Whole Plants and Their Secondary Metabolites.- 2 Callus Cultures and Regeneration of Plants.- 3 Cell Suspension Cultures of Nigella.- 4 Concluding Remarks.- 5 Protocol.- References.- XX Pelargonium spp. (Geranium): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Aromatic Compounds.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Biotechnological Approaches.- 3 Future Prospects.- References.- XXI Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Caffeic Acid.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- XXII Podophyllum spp.: In Vitro Regeneration and the Production of Podophyllotoxins.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- XXIII Rosa spp. (Roses): In Vitro Culture, Micropropagation, and the Production of Secondary Products.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Culture in Vitro.- 3 Protocols.- 4 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- XXIV Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Flavonoids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approach.- 3 Conclusion.- References.- XXV Securinega suffruticosa: In Vitro Culture and the Formation of Securinega Alkaloids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- XXVI Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. (Silverleaf Nightshade): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Solasodine.- 1 General Account.- 2 In Vitro Approach.- 3 Summary and Conclusions.- 4 Protocol.- References.- XXVII Swertia spp.: In Vitro Culture, Regeneration, and the Production of Secondary Metabolites.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Secondary Metabolites.- 4 Conclusion and Prospects.- References.- XXVIII Symphytum officinale (Comfrey): In Vitro Culture, Regeneration, and Biogenesis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Initiation, Maintenance, and Regeneration of in Vitro Cultures.- 3 Investigations of Ploidy Levels of in Vitro Cultures of a Cytotype.- 4 Biogenetic Properties of Cell Suspension Cultures and Regenerating Calli.- 5 Polyamines, Precursors of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Biosynthesis.- 6 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- XXIX Syringa vulgaris L. (Common Lilac): In Vitro Culture and the Occurrence and Biosynthesis of Phenylpropanoid Glycosides.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Distribution of Phenylpropanoid Glycosides.- 3 Establishment of Cultures and Growth Characteristics.- 4 Extraction and Identification of Phenylpropanoid Glycosides.- 5 Studies on the Biosynthesis of Verbascoside.- 6 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.