Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II

I Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels.: In Vitro Culture, Regeneration, and the Production of Medicinal Compounds.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Culture Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- II Anisodus acutangulus: Production of Scopolamine and Hyoscyamine in Cell Cultures.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Variants with Both Growth and Scopolamine Contents.- 4 Reduction of Cost of Cultures.- 5 Storage of Valuable Stock Cultures Through Cryopreservation.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- III Basella alba L.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Betalains.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Protocols.- 4 Results and Discussion.- 5 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- IV Bupleurum falcatum L.: Embryogenesis and the Production of Saikosaponins.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- V Camellia sinensis L. (Tea): In Vitro Regeneration.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Culture Studies.- 3 Summary and Conclusion.- References.- VI Coix lacryma-jobi L. (Jobstears): In Vitro Regeneration.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusion and Prospects.- References.- VII Coptis: In Vitro Regeneration of Plants and the Production of Berberine.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Fundamental Conditions for Growth and Alkaloid Formation.- 4 Differentiation of Coptis Plants In Vitro from Callus Cultures and Comparison of Alkaloid Content of Regenerated Plants.- 5 Effects of Cloning and Mutagen.- 6 Immobilized Cell.- 7 Berberine Production by Suspension Culture.- 8 Conclusion.- References.- VIII Cryptomeria japonica Don (Japanese Cedar): In Vitro Production of Volatile Oils.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusion.- References.- IX Datura spp.: In Vitro Regeneration and the Production of Tropanes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Culture and Regeneration.- 3 Cryopreservation of Cell Cultures.- 4 Alkaloid Production in Datura.- 5 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- X Dioscorea: In Vitro Culture and the Micropropagation of Diosgenin-Containing Species.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Perspectives.- References.- XI Foeniculum vulgare Miller: Cell Culture, Regeneration, and the Production of Anethole.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Culture of Fennel.- 3 Somatic Embryogenesis and Fennel Breeding.- 4 Secondary Metabolites from Tissue Cultures.- 5 Protocols for In Vitro Culture of Fennel.- 6 Conclusion: In Vitro Culture Impact on Fennel Improvement.- References.- XII Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: In Vitro Propagation and the Formation of Iridoid Glucosides.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Culture Studies.- 3 Summary.- 4 Protocol.- References.- XIII Geigeria aspera Harv.: In Vitro Culture and Medicinal Value of Sesquiterpene Lactones.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Morphology and Distribution of Geigeria aspera Harv..- 3 Sesquiterpene Lactones.- 4 In Vitro Culture of Geigeria aspera.- References.- XIV Heimia salicifolia: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Phenyl- and Biphenylquinolizidines.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions.- 4 Suggested Protocol.- References.- XV Humulus lupulus L. (Hop): In Vitro Culture; Attempted Production of Bittering Components and Novel Disease Resistance.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- XVI Hyoscyamus spp.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Tropane Alkaloids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Plant.- 3 In Vitro Approaches.- 4 Conclusions and Prospects.- 5 Protocol for Tropane Alkaloid Production by H. muticus Cell Culture.- References.- XVII Jasminum spp. (Jasmine): Micropropagation and the Production of Essential Oils.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Cultivation.- 3 Essential Oils of Jasmine.- 4 Conclusions.- References.- XVIII Macleaya spp.: Morphogenesis and the Production of Secondary Metabolites.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Developmental Investigations on Cell Cultures.- 3 Investigations on Alkaloid Formation, Enzymology, and Catabolic Processes in Cell Cultures.- 4 Summary and Concluding Remarks.- 5 Protocol.- References.- XIX Mucuna pruriens: In Vitro Production of L-DOPA.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- XX Nicotiana tabacum L. (Tobacco): In Vitro Production of Nicotine.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vivo Production of Nicotine.- 3 In Vitro Production of Nicotine.- 4 Summary.- References.- XXI Pimpinella anisum L. (Anise): Cell Culture, Somatic Embryogenesis, and the Production of Anise Oil.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Studies.- 3 Extraction and Structure of Compounds.- 4 Protocol.- 5 Conclusions.- References.- XXII Rauwolfia serpentina: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Ajmaline.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions.- References.- XXIII Salvia miltiorrhiza: In Vitro Production of Cryptotanshinone and Ferruginol.- 1 Introduction.- XXIV Saponaria officinalis L.: In Vitro Culture and the Production of Triterpenoidal Saponins.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusion and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- XXV Solanum aviculare Forst., Solanum laciniatum Ait. (Poroporo): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Solasodine.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- 4 Protocol.- References.- XXVI Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni: Production of Natural Sweeteners.- 1 General Account.- 2 Tissue Culture of Stevia rebaudiana.- 3 Concluding Remarks.- References.- XXVII Ruta graveolens: In Vitro Production of Alkaloids and Medicinal Compounds.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions.- References.- XXVIII Tabernaemontana spp.: In Vitro Production of Indole and Biogenetically Related Alkaloids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cell and Tissue Cultures of Tabernaemontaneae Species.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.- XXIX Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger): In Vitro Propagation and the Production of Volatile Constituents.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Approaches.- 3 Conclusions and Prospects.- References.