access; Acres, Birt; acting styles; actualites; Addams, Jane; advertising; advertising films; Africa, Belgian; Africa, French; Africa, German colonies; Agence cinematographique generale; Agence Generale Cinematographique (AGC); AGFA; Aiken, Harry; Aikens, Fred C.; airdomes; AKGT/PAGU; Alberini, Filoteo; Alpha Trading Company; Altenloh, Emilie; Alva Brothers; amateur films; Ambrosio, Arturo; American Biograph (France); American Film Co.; American Mutoscope and Biograph; Amet, Edward; amplifiers; amusement parks; Anderson, G. M.; Andreani, Andre; Andreyor, Yvette; Andriot, (Camille-) Josette; animal pictures; animation; Ankerstjerne, Johan; Anschuetz, Ottomar; Aquila; archaeology of cinema/pre-cinema; Arche, Alto; archives; Argentina; Arguilliere, Alexandre; Armat, Thomas; Arnaud, Etienne; Asia Film Co.; Atelier Apollo; Aubert, Etablissements L.; Aubert, Louis; audience: issues and debates; Aurora Cinema; Australasian Films; Australia; Austro-Hungarian Empire; authentication; autorenfilm; Baggott, King; Bakshy, Alexander; Balaban, Barney & A. J.; Balkans, the (including Greece); Balshoffer, Fred; Bamforth; Barcinografo; Barker Film; Barker Motion Photography; Barker, Will; Barnes, Justin D.; Baron, Auguste; Bartling, Georg; Bassermann, Albert; Bauer, Evgenii; Baumann, Charles; Becce, Giuseppe; Becerril, Guillermo; Bedding, Thomas; Belge Cinema SA (Pathe); Belgium; Belot, Charles; Benoit-Levy, Edmond; benshi; Bergqvist, John; Bernard, Ferdinand Bon; Bernhardt, Sarah; Berst, J. A.; Bertini, Francesca; Bhatvedekar, Harishchandra; Bianchi, Joseph T.; biblical films; Billboard; Binger, Maurits Herman; Biograph; Biorama; Bioscope (British trade journal); Bioscope Company of Canada; Bitzer, Billy; black cinema, USA; Blackton, J. Stuart; Blair Film Company (USA); Blom, August; Boggs, Francis; Bolivia; Bolten-Baeckers, Heinrich; Bonine, Robert; Bonnard, Mario; Borelli, Lyda; Bos, Annie; Bosetti, Romeo; Bosworth, Hobart; Bourbon, Ernest; Bouregois, Gerard; boxing films; Brazil; Breteaux; Brezillon, Leon; British & Colonial Kinematograph (B & C); British Gaumont; British Mutoscope and Biograph; British Pathe London; Broncho Film Co.; Brown, Theodore; Brulator, Jules; Buckwalter, H. H.; Bull, Lucien; Bullock, William; Bunny, John; Bunzli, Victor; Burguet, Charles; Burlingham, Frederick; Bush, W. Stephen; Bushman, Francis K.; Bussenius, Gabriela; Butcher's Film Service; Cabanne, William Christie; Caesar; cafe-concerts, France; Cairo, Humberto; Calcina; Calmettes, Andre; Cambodia; camera movement; camera, distance and angle; camera: Casler & Co. Biograph 70mm; camera: Newman & Sinclair Reflex; cameras: Aeroscope; cameras: Bell & Howell Studio; cameras: Biograph; cameras: Debris; cameras: Edison Kinetograph camera; cameras: Gaumont; cameras: Pathe; Canada; Canudo, Ricciotto; Capellani, Albert; Capellani, Paul; capitalism, USA; Capozzi, Alberto; Carl, Renee; Carpentier, Jules; Carre, Michel; Caserini, Mario; Cassaus, Jose E.; Castillo, Louis; Caucasus region; Celio celluloid film stock development; Centaur/Nestor; Chaplin, Charles; Chardynin, Petr; Charles Urban Trading Company; chase films; Chautard, Emile; chautauquas; Cheetham, Arthur; Chernova, Nina; Chicago Film Exchange; Chile; China; Chomon, Segundo de; Christensen, Benjamin; Chronochrome Gaumont; chronophone; chronophotography; churches as exhibition venues; Cine-Journal; Cinema; cinema circuits or chains; Cinema du peuple, Le; Cinema et l'Echo du cinema, Le; cinema of attractions; Cinema, The; Cinematografia Italiana ed Estera, La; Cines; Cino-Fono, La; Clarendon Film Company; classical Hollywood cinema; Clement, Josephine; Clement-Maurice; Cline, Eugene; Clune, William; Codina, J. M.; Cohl, Emile; Coissac, Guillaume-Michel; collections; Collier, John; Collins, Alf; Collo, Alberto; Colombia; colonialism: Europe; color; Comandon, Jean; comedies; Comerio; comic series; comic strips; Comica; Commerical Press Motion Picture Department; communication; Compagnie des Cinema Halls; concerts; consumer cooperatives, Europe; Continental-Kunstfilm; Continsouza, Pierre-Victor; Corbett, James; Costello, Maurice; costumes; Courrier cinematographique; Crawford, O. T.; criminal films, series and serials; Cuba; Cuesta Valencia; Cunard, Grace; cuts, dissolves, fades; dance films; Dania Biofilm; D'Annunzio, Gabriele; Dansk Biograf; Darling, Alfred; Das Lichtbild-Theater; Davidson, Paul; Davis, Harry; Dawley, J. Searle; De Bedts, George William; De Grandsaignes d'Hauterives, Henry; De Liguoro, Giuseppe; de Riso, Camillo; Debrie, Joseph and Andre; Decourcelle, Pierre; Decroix, Charles; Deed, Andre; Del Colle; Delac, Charles; Delmont, Joseph; Demaria, Jules; Demeny, Georges; DeMille, Cecil B.; Denmark; department stores; Der Kinematograph; Desfontaines, Henri; Desmet, Jean; detective films, series and serials; Deuter, Martin; Deutsche Mutoskop und Biograph; Di Domenico family; dialogue accompaniment; Diaz Quesada, Enrique; Dickson, W. K. L.; dime museums; Dinesen, Robert; Dintenfass, Mark; dioramas/panoramas; distribution, Europe; distribution, North America; distribution: issues and debates; Donisthorpe, Wordsworth; d'Ors, Eugeni; Doublier, Francis; Doyen, Docteur; Dranem; Drankov (company); Drankov, Alexandr; Durand, Jean; Dureau, Georges; Duse, Eleonara; Duskes, Alfred; Dussaud, Francois; Dutch Mutscope and Biograph; Dwan, Allan; Dyer, Frank L.; early reactions to moving pictures; Eastern Europe; Eastman Kodak; Eastman, George; Eclair; Eclair American; Eclipse; Ecuador; Edamasa Yoshiro; Edison Manufacturing Co.; Edison, Thomas; editing: early practices and techniques; editing: spatial relations; editing: tableau style; editing: temporal relations; education; Egypt and other Arab countries; electricity; Elfelt, Peter; English pattern cameras; Ermoliev, Yakov; Erste Internationale Film-Zeitung; Esoofally, Abdulally; Essanay; ethnographic films; European Blair Camera Company; Evans, Fred; Ewers, Heinz; Exclusive Supply; exhibition services; exhibitions: issues and debates; expedition films; Fabre, Marcel; facial expression films; fairgrounds: Europe; Falena, Ugo; Famous Players; Farnum, Dustin; Fascinateur, Le; fashion; fast-motion films; feeries or fairy plays; Fengtai photography studio; Ferreya, Jose Augstin 'Le Negro'; Fescourt, Henri; festivals; Feuillade, Louis; film d'art; Film d'Arte Italiana (Pathe); Film Fabrikken Danmark; film stock developments; Film Supply; Film, Le; Filmen; Filmfabrikken Danmark; Films Valetta; Finch, Flora; Finland; Finlandia Film; Fiske, Minnie Maddern; Fitzhamon, Lewin; flashbacks; Fleck-Kolm, Luise; Floury, Edmond; Foersterling, Hermann; Ford, Francis; Ford, Hugh; Foster, William; Fotokinema/ASUM; Fotorama; Fox, William; framing; France: audience; France: distribution/exhibition; France: regulation/censorship; Frau, Raymond; Freer, James Simmons; Fregoli; Fregoli; Fregou, Leopoldo; Frenkel (Bouwmeester) Jnr, Theo; Frenkel (Bouwmeester) Snr, Theo; Friberg, C. A.; Friese-Greene, William; Froelich, Carl; Frusta; Fukuhodo theater chain; Fuller, Mary; Furniss, Harry; Fynes, J. Austin; Gabet, Francisque; Gad, Urban; Gallo, Mario; Ganes, William; Ganguly, D. N.; Gardin, Vladimir; Gardner, Helen; Gaertner, Adolf; Gasnier, Louis; Gaumont; Gaumont Chronophone; Gaumont, Leon; Gauntier, Gene; Gauvreau, Georges; Gavin, John; Gelabert, Fructuoso; General Film; Germany, audiences; Germany, distribution; Germany, exhibition; Germany, production; Germany, regulation; Ghione, Emilio; Giambastiani, Salvado; Giampietro, Josef; Gibbons, Walter; Gildenmeijer, Johan; Gilmore, William J.; Gish, Lillian; Gladtvet, Ottar; Gliewe, Max; Globe Films; Gloria; Glucksman, Max; Gluckstadt; Glueckstadt, Vilhelm; Goncharov, Vasili; Gottschalk, Ludwig; Grandais, Suzanne; Grau, Robert; Grauman, Sid(ney); Great Britain: exhibition, audience, regulation; Great Britain: production, distribution; Greater New York Film Co.; Green, George; Green, John C.; Griffin, John C.; Griffith, D. W.; Grimoin-Samson, Raoul; Gual, Adria; Guazzoni, Enrico; Guillaume, Ferdinando; Gundersen, Jens Christian; Guy, Alice; Gys, Leda; Haefker, Hermann; Haggar, William; Hale's Tours; Hamman, Joe; Hans Frey, Talleres; Hansen, Kai; Harrison, Louis Reeves; Hart, William S.; Hartlooper, L.; Hatot, Georges; Heise, William; Hepworth; Hepworth, Cecil; Heuze, Andre; Higgins, Ernest; Hintner, Cornelius; Hispano films; historical films; Hodkinson, W. W.; Hofer, Franz; Holger-Madsen; Holland, Annie; Hollandia Film; Hollandsche Film (Pathe); Holmes, E. Burton; Holmes, Helen; Hopwood, Henry Vaux; Horseley, David; Howe, Lyman; Hulfish, David S. (Sherrill); Hurbeck, William; Hurley, Frank; Hutchinson, Samuel; illustrated lectures; illustrated magazines; illustrated songs; Illustrazione cinematografica, L'; immigration/emigration: Europe; immigration/emigration: USA; IMP; imperialism/colonialism: USA; Ince, Ralph; Ince, Thomas; India; industrial films; Industriel forain, L'; intercutting/cross-cutting; Iran (Persia); Ireland; Irigoyen, Julio; Isola, Emile and Vincent; Itala; Italia Almirante Manzini; Italy; Ivens, C.A.P.; Jacobini, Maria; Janssen, Jules; Japan; Jasset, Victorin; Jeffs, Waller; Jenkins, C. Francis; Johnson and Gibson; Johnson, Arthur; Johnson, Jack; Johnson, Noble; Joly, Henri; Jones, Aaron; Jourjon, Charles; Joyce, Alice; Joye, Abbe; Jury, William; juvenile series; Kaeriyama Norimasa; Kalem; Kamm, Leonard Ulrich; Katz, Sam(muel); Kay Bee; Kearton, Cherry; Kemp, George; Kennedy, Jeremiah; Kessel, Adam; Keystone; Khanzhonkov (company); Khanzhonkov, Alexandr; Kholodnaya, Vera; Kinematographische Rundschau; Kinetoscope; Kinofa; Kinografen; Kinora; Klaw and Erlinger; Kleine Optical; Kleine, George; Klercker, Georg af; Kobayashi Kisaburo; Kohinoor Film; Kolm, Louise Veltee; Kolowrat-Krakowsky, Alexander "Sascha" Joseph; Komada Koyo; Komatsu; Konishi Photographic Store; Kosmofilm; Krauss, Henry; Krueger; La Bonne Press; labor movements, Europe; labor movements, USA; Laemmle Film Service; Laemmle, Carl; Lamster, Johann Christian; Lange, Konrad; Larrain, Arturo; Larsen; Larsen, Viggo; Lasky, Jesse; Latham Brothers; Lauste, Eugene; Lautensack, Heinrich; Lavauchy-Clarke, Francois-Henri; law, cinema and the; Lawrence, Florence; Le Bargy, Charles; Le Blond, Elizabeth Alice; e Prince, Louis Aime Augustin Lear (Albert Kirchner); lecturer (as sound accompaniment); legitimate theater; leisure time and space, Europe; leisure time and space, USA; leisure time and spance: North America; Leonard, Marion; Lepine, Charles-Lucien; Leprince, Rene; Les Grands Films Populaires; Levesque, Marcel; Lichtbild-Buehne; lighting; Lincoln, W.J.; Lind, Alfred; Linder, Max; Lo Savio, Gerolamo; Loew, Marcus; Londe, Albert; Long, Samuel; Longford, Raymond; Lordier, Georges; Lowenstein, Hans Otto; Lubin Manufacturing Company; Lubin, Siegmund; Lubitsch, Ernst; Lumiere et fils; Lumiere, Louis; Lundberg, Frans; Lux, Societe des phonographes et cinematographes; Luxembourg; Lykke-Seest, Peter; Lyrra Filmi; Machin, Alfred; Maciste; Mack, Max; Madan Theatres Ltd; Madan, J. F.; Maggese cinematografica; Maggi, Luigi; magic lantern shows; Magnusson, Charles; Maguire and Baucus; Maharashtra Film; Maison de la Bonne Presse; Maitre, Maurice Andre; Majestic; Makino Shozo; Marey, Etienne-Jules; Marion, Frank; Mark, Mitchell; Marro, Albert; Martin Duncan, Francis; Martoglio, Nino; Marvin, Arthur; Marvin, Harry; Mary, Clement; Masao Inoue; Mason, Bert; Mason, J. C. Bee; Mastbaum, Jules and Stanley; Matuszewski, Boleslaw; May, Joe; McCutcheon, Wallace; McDowell, J. B.; McKay, Winsor; McRae, V. H.; medical films; Melies, Gaston; Melies, Gaston; Melies, Georges; melodrama theater; melodramas: domestic; melodramas: sensational; Mendel, Georges; Menichelli, Pina; Mercanton, Louis; Merzback Freres; Mesguich, Felix; Messter; Messter Biophon; Messter, Oskar; Mexico; microscopic films; Mige, Clement; Milano; Miles Brothers; Miller, Arthur; Minier, Louis; Mistinguett; Misu, Mime; Mitchell and Kenyon; Mix, Tom; Modot, Gaston; Monca, Georges; monopoly; capitalism, Europe; Moore, Owen; Morano, Gigetta; Morlhon, Camille de; Mosjoukine, Ivan; Motion Picture Distributing & Sales; Motion Picture Story Magazine; Mottershaw, Frank; Moving Picture News; moving picture novels; moving picture theaters; Moving Picture World; MPPC; Mudaliar, Nataraja; Mullens Brothers; Mueller-Lincke, Anna; multiple reel films, Europe; multiple reel films, USA; Muensterberg, Hugo; Murdock, J. J.; Musee Grevin; museum life exhibits; music (cultural context); music halls; music scores; musical accompaniment; Musidora Mutual Film Co.; Muybridge, Eduard; Nalpas, Louis; Napierkowska, Stacia; Napoli; Natan, Bernard; National Board of Censorship; National Film Renting; Natural Colour Kinematograph; Navarre, Rene; Negroni, Baldassar; Nepoti; Netherlands; New York Clipper; New York Dramatic Mirror; New York Motion Picture (Bison); New Zealand; Newman, Arthur; news event films; newspapers; newsreels; Nickelodeon/Motography; nickelodeons; Nielson, Asta; Nikkatsu (conglomerate); Nilsson, N. P. and Axel; Noggerath Snr and Jnr, Ferdinand Anton; Nogues, Pierre; non-commercial distribution; Nonguet, Lucien; Nordisk; Nordisk Film Tidning; Normand, Mabel; North American Phonograph; Norton, Goodwin; Norway; Notari, Elvira; Novelli, Amleto; novels/short stories; Numa Peterson's Trading Company; Oceania/South Pacific; Olcott, Sidney; Oliver, David; Oliver, Felix; Olsen, Ole; Omegna, Roberto; Onoe Matsunosuke; opera; Optical Lantern Weekly/Kinematograph and Lantern Weekly; Orientaliska teatern; Osterreichischer Komet; Ouimet, Leo-Ernest; Oxilia, Nino; pageants/outdoor spectacles; painting; palace cinemas; Palestine; Paley & Steiner; Paley, William; Panama; Pantakar Friends & Co.; Paris morgue; Parnaland, Ambroise-Francois; Pasquali & Tempo; Pasquali, Ernesto Maria; Pastrone, Giovanni; Pathe (Australia); Pathe (Japan); Pathe Cinematograph; Pathe Film (Sweden); Pathe Freres; Pathe Russe (company); Pathe, Charles; Pathecolor; Paul, Robert W.; penny arcades; Peon, Ramon; Perret, Leonce; Perry, Joseph; Peru; Peterson, Numa; Phalke, D.-G.; Phalke's Films; phantom train rides; Phantoscope; Philippines; Phono-Cine-Gazette; Phono-Cinema-Theatre; Phonogram; phonography (technology/cultural context); phonoscenes; Phonoscope; photography; Photoplay; Pickford, Mary; Pictures and the Picturegoer; Piel, Harry; Pike, Oliver; Pinschewer, Jules; Pinthus, Kurt; Pirou, Eugene; Poland; polar exploration films; Poli, Sylvester; Polidor; Ponting, Herbert; Popert, Siegmund; pornography; Porten, Henny; Porter, Edwin S.; Portugal; Posnansky, Arthur; post cards; post-production; Pouctal, Henri; POV shot; Power, Nicholas; Powers; Powers; Poyen, Rene; pre-cinema preservation; Prince, Charles; Pringle, Ralph; production departments; production modes; production: issues and debates; program formats; projectionists; Projectograph; projector: Simplex; projectors; projectors: Casler & Co. Biograph 70mm; projectors: double-film-band; projectors: Edison Home Kinetoscope; projectors: Erneman Imperator; projectors: Gaumont; projectors: glass-plate; projectors: Lumiere; projectors: Nurnberg toy; projectors: optical intermittant; projectors: Pathe; projectors: Pathe KOK; projectors: Powers Cameragraph; projectors: Warwick Bioscope; Projektion; Promio, Alexandre; propaganda films; Proszinski, Kazimirerz; Protazanov, Yakov; Psilander, Valdemar; publicity; Py, Eugenio; Pyke, Montague; Quebec; racial segregation: USA; Raff and Gammon; Raleigh and Robert; Ramos, Antonio; Raymond, Matt; Redfern, Jasper; re-enactments; Reicher, Ernst; Reinhardt, Max; Rejane, Gabrielle; Reliance; religious filmmaking; Relph, Harry (Little Tich); representation: issues and debates; Reulos, Lucien; Rex; Reynaud, Emile; Richardson, Frank Herbert; Riche, Daniel; Riley, Roberti; Robertson, D. W.; Robinne, Gabrielle; Rock, William T.; Rodolfi, Eleuterio; Rogers, George; Roland, Ruth; Rolfe, Alfred; Rollini, G.; Rosas, Enrique; Rosenthal, Joseph; Rossi, Carlo; Rothapfel, S. L. (Roxy); Royal Bioscope; Russian Empire; Rye, Stellan; Sabinski, Czeslaw; Sales Co.; saloons; Salvation Army; Sandberg, Serge; Sandow, Eugene; Santos y Artigua; Sargent, Epes Winthrop; Sascha-Film; Saturn; Saunders, Arthur; Savoia; Saxe, John and Thomas; SCAGL; Schenk, Nicholas and Joseph; Schneider, Eberhard; Schuberg, John; scientific films: Europe; scientific films: USA; Scotland; screens; scriptwriting; Seeber, Guido; Selig Polyscope; Selig, William; Sen, Hiralel; Sennett, Mack; Serena, Gustavo; serials; set design; Sfinks; shadow theater; Shakespeare films; Sheffield Photo; Shepard, Archie; shift to multiple reel/feature films; Shipman, Nell [Helen]; Shirogoro Sawamura; Show World; Sienna, Pedro; Silvio, Alex; Singh, Suchet; Sivan, Casimir; Sjoestroem, Victor; Skaarup; Skaarup, Frede; Skandinavisk-Russik; Skandinavisk-Russisk Filmskompagni; Skladanowsky, Max and Emil; Skouras, Spyros; Slieker, Christian; Smalley, Philips; Smirnova, Elena; Smith, Albert E.; Smith, F. Percy; Smith, G. A.; Smith, J. W.; Smith, John W.; Solax; sound effects; sound films : Pathe-Freres; sound machines; sound machines; sound projection; Spain; Specht, Georges; spectatorship: issues and debates; Spencer, Cozens; Spoor, George; sports films; staging in depth; Starewicz, Wladyslaw; stars; Steiner, William; stereographs; Sterling, Ford; Stiller, Mauritz; Stokvis, S. B.; Stollwerck, Ludwig; stop motion; Storey, Edith; Stow, Percy; Studio Films; studios; Svenska Biografteatern; Svensk-Amerikanska Filmkompaniet; Swanson; Swanson, William; Sweden: production, distribution, exhibition, audience, regulation; Sweet, Blanche; Switzerland; Tachibana Teijiro; talker pictures; Tally, Thomas Lincoln; Talmadge, Norma; Tanaka Eizo; Tannenbaum, Herbert; Taylor, William; Tenkatsu; Thailand (Siam); Thanhouser; Theophile Pathe et Cie; Thevenon; Thieman & Reinhardt Company; Thiemann, Pavel; Thomas, Arthur Duncan; Thurston, Charles; titles and intertitles; Togores, Jose; Tokugawa Musei; tonbilder; Topical Film Company; Torino; Toscano, Salvador; Tourneur, Maurice; trade press; transportation; Trautschold, Gustav; traveling exhibitors; travelogues; trick films; Trujillo Duran, Manuel; Turkey/Ottoman Empire; Turner, Florence; Turpin, Ben; Umeya Shokichi; Universal Film Company; Urban, Charles; urbanization; Uruguay; USA, distribution; USA, exhibition; USA, production; USA, regulation/censorship; USA: audiences; Valentin, Karl; Valetta Films; Valle, Federico; Van Goitsenhaven, Louis; Vandel, Marcel; Variety; vaudeville; Velle, Gaston; Venezuela; Venkiah, R.; Vesuvio; Veyre, Gabriel; Vidali; Vietnam; Views and Films; Index/Film Index; Viking Film; visual-audio reproduction, theories of; Vita cinematographica, La; Vitagraph; Vitascope; von Bernard, Bertrand; Von Herkomer, Sir Herbert; Vtrotti; Wales; Walker, William; Walthall, Henry; Walturdaw; war films; Warner, Harry; Warners; Warwick Trading; Waters, Percival; Weber, Lois; Wegener, Paul; Weisse, Hanni; Werner, Michel and Eugene; West, Alfred; West, T.J.; westerns: cowboy and Indian films; white slave films; White, Chrissie; White, James H.; White, Pearl; Wiener Kunstfilm-Industrie; Williams, Kathlyn; Williams, Randall; Williamson, James; WKF/Express; Wolf, Nathan Hyman; Wolff, Philip; women's movement, Europe; women's movement, USA; women's suffrage films; Woods, Frank; world fairs; World Film (USA); World War I; Worringen, Paul von; Wrench Film Company; X-ray films; Yermol'ev; Yokota Einosuke; Yokota Shokai; Yoshizawa Shoten; Young Deer, James; Zacconi, Ermete; Zecca, Ferdinand; Zhang, Shichuang; Zheng, Zhengqiu; Zukor, Adolph
