Sleep Disorders and Mental Health, An Issue of Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Name: Sleep Disorders and Mental Health, An Issue of Psychiatric Clinics of North America
Brand: Elsevier
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Erschienen am 7. Januar 2016

100 Seiten

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Front Cover
Sleep Disorders and Mental Health
Copyright
Contributors
EDITORS
AUTHORS
Contents
Preface: Sleep Disorders and Mental Health
The Relationship Between Sleep Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders: Introduction and Overview
The Neurobiology of Sleep and Wakefulness
The Neurobiology of Circadian Rhythms
Genetics of Sleep Disorders
Primary Sleep Disorders
Sleep Disturbances and Behavioral Disturbances in Children and Adolescents
Sleep Disturbances in the Elderly
Sleep Disturbances in Mood Disorders
Recent Advances in the Study of Sleep in the Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Sleep Disturbances in Schizophrenia
Sleep Disturbance in Substance Use Disorders
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Medical Conditions
New Developments in Insomnia Medications of Relevance to Mental Health Disorders
PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
March 2016
June 2016
September 2016
RECENT ISSUES
September 2015
June 2015
March 2015
Preface: Sleep Disorders and Mental Health
The Relationship Between Sleep Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders
Key points
CHANGES IN THE APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF SLEEP DISORDERS WITH DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, FIF ...
THE PREVALENCE OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
The Bidirectional Nature of the Interrelationship Between Sleep Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders
THE RELEVANCE OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE TO THE CLINICAL PRACTICE OF PSYCHIATRY
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
The Neurobiology of Sleep and Wakefulness
Key points
CORTICAL ACTIVITY DURING SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
Classic Brainstem Transection Studies
Encephalitis Lethargica: Insights into Sleep/Wake Control from Neuropathology
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep: the Role of the Pons and Acetylcholine
Narcolepsy/Cataplexy
THE HYPOCRETIN/OREXIN SYSTEM
Discovery of the Hypocretins and the Orexins
The Hypocretin System and the Sleep Disorder Narcolepsy
Models for the Role of the Hypocretin System in Arousal State Regulation
SLEEP HOMEOSTASIS AND THE TIMING OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS
ANATOMIC SUBSTRATES OF THE 2-PROCESS MODEL
The Suprachiasmatic Nuclei as the Basis for Process C
In Search of Substrates for Process S
OTHER NEUROCHEMICALS INVOLVED IN SLEEP/WAKE CONTROL
Cytokines and Sleep
Peptides and Sleep
Extracellular Adenosine as an Indicator of Sleep Loss
Melatonin
Prostaglandin D2 and Sleep/Wake Regulation
Gonadal Steroids and Sleep
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
The Neurobiology of Circadian Rhythms
Key points
INTRODUCTION
THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS IS A CIRCADIAN OSCILLATOR
THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS MOLECULAR CIRCADIAN OSCILLATOR IS LINKED TO THE NEURAL ACTIVITY RHYTHM
THE RETINOHYPOTHALAMIC TRACT ENTRAINS THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS CIRCADIAN CLOCK TO THE DAY/NIGHT CYCLE
SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS-PROJECTING RETINAL GANGLION CELLS EXPRESS MELANOPSIN AND ARE INTRINSICALLY PHOTOSENSITIVE
MULTIPLE INTRINSICALLY PHOTOSENSITIVE RETINAL GANGLION CELL SUBTYPES WITH WIDESPREAD AXONAL PROJECTIONS
SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS CIRCADIAN GATING OF RESPONSES TO LIGHT STIMULATION
SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
SEROTONERGIC MODULATION OF PHOTIC INPUT TO THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS
OUTPUTS FROM THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS
THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS REGULATES PERIPHERAL CIRCADIAN OSCILLATORS
REFERENCES
Genetics of Sleep Disorders
Key points
INTRODUCTION
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING GENETIC VARIANTS
GENETICS OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDERS
GENETICS OF INSOMNIA
NARCOLEPSY
RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME
GENETICS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Primary Sleep Disorders
Key points
THE CLINICAL APPROACH TO SLEEP-RELATED COMPLAINTS
Insufficient Sleep Syndrome
INADEQUATE SLEEP HYGIENE
INSOMNIA DISORDER
CONDITIONED (PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC) INSOMNIA
NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENTS OF INSOMNIA
PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY FOR INSOMNIA
OBSTRUCTIVE AND CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA
Treatment Options for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
NARCOLEPSY
HYPERSOMNIA DISORDER
RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME AND PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENT DISORDER
PARASOMNIAS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep Disturbances and Behavioral Disturbances in Children and Adolescents
Key points
INTRODUCTION
THE NORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF SLEEP
SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Causes of Sleep Deprivation
Prevention of Sleep Deprivation
Child Sleep Prescription
ASSESSMENT OF PEDIATRIC SLEEP DISORDERS
Sleep History
Rating Scales
Physical Examination
Sleep Laboratory Investigations
Polysomnography
Actigraphy
COMMON PEDIATRIC SLEEP DISORDERS
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
Primary snoring
Obstructive sleep apnea
Diagnosis of childhood obstructive sleep apnea
Treatment of childhood obstructive sleep apnea
Central hypoventilation syndromes
Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
Central sleep apnea
Apnea of prematurity
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Hypersomnia
Narcolepsy
Treatment of narcolepsy
Idiopathic Hypersomnia
Periodic Hypersomnia (Kleine-Levin Syndrome)
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
Parasomnias
Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnias
Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnias
Nocturnal Enuresis
Sleep-related Movement Disorders
Periodic limb movements disorder
Restless leg syndrome
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES TO BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
Affective Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Behavioral Insomnia of Childhood
Off-Label Use of Prescription Hypnotics
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Off-Label Use of Antipsychotic Drugs
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep Disturbances in the Elderly
Key points
INTRODUCTION
SLEEP CHANGES WITH AGING
SLEEP DISORDERS IN THE ELDERLY
Insomnia
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Restless Legs Syndrome
BEHAVIORS INFLUENCING SLEEP
Alcohol
Exercise
Naps
Caffeine
Nicotine
SLEEP, MOOD, AND ANXIETY
Mood
Anxiety
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
SLEEP AND NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS
Alzheimer Disease
Lewy Body Dementia
SLEEP AND MEDICAL DISORDERS
Delirium
Parkinson Disease
Nocturia
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Pain
MEDICATIONS AFFECTING SLEEP
NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT APPROACHES
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Sleep Hygiene
Stimulus Control
Sleep Restriction
PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT APPROACHES
Melatonin
Trazodone
Benzodiazepines
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics
Sedating Antidepressants
FUTURE TARGETS
Amyloid Beta and Circadian Rhythm
Melatonin and Delirium
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep Disturbances in Mood Disorders
Key points
MOOD DISORDERS OVERVIEW
COMMON SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN MOOD DISORDERS
Self-reported Sleep, Fatigue, and Sleepiness in Mood Disorders
Polysomnography Findings in Mood Disorders
Rest-Activity Disturbances in Mood Disorders
SLEEP DISTURBANCE AS A RISK FACTOR AND INTEREPISODE PERSISTENCE OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE
MECHANISMS FOR SLEEP CHANGES IN MOOD DISORDERS
SLEEP DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH MOOD DISORDERS
EFFECTS OF PSYCHIATRIC DRUGS ON SLEEP
Effects of Treating Sleep on Mood Disorders
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Recent Advances in the Study of Sleep in the Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Dis ...
Key points
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
Sleep Architecture in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Dimensions of Psychological Contributions to Sleep Disturbance in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Circadian Rhythms in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Sleep Disturbances: Psychotherapy
Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Sleep Disturbances: Pharmacotherapy
PANIC DISORDER
Correlates of Sleep Disturbance in Panic Disorder
Treatment of Panic Disorder Sleep Disturbances
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
The Specific Effect of Obsessional Thinking on Sleep
Circadian Rhythms in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Sleep Architecture in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Treatment of Sleep Disturbances in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Tonic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: the Importance of Time Posttrauma
Phasic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Basic and Clinical Studies
Neurocircuitry of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Circadian Rhythm Abnormalities in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Sleep Movement Disturbances in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Sleep Disturbances: Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Sleep Disturbances: Psychotherapy for Insomnia
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Sleep Disturbances: Psychotherapy for Recurrent Nightmares
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Sleep Disturbances: Pharmacotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Sleep Disturbances: Pharmacotherapy for Insomnia
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Sleep Disturbances: Pharmacotherapy for Recurrent Nightmares
SUMMARY: DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
REFERENCES
Sleep Disturbances in Schizophrenia
Key points
OVERVIEW
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS
Polysomnography Findings According to the Phase of Clinical Course
CLINICAL CORRELATES
Positive Symptoms
Negative Symptoms
Suicide Risk
Neurocognitive Impairment
Severity of Illness
Outcomes
UNDERLYING MECHANISMS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EFFECTS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATIONS ON SLEEP
SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING AND SLEEP-RELATED MOVEMENT DISORDERS
Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Sleep-related Movement Disorders
MANAGEMENT
Evaluation and Management of Primary Sleep Disorders
Application of Behavioral and Sleep Hygiene Approaches to Manage Sleep Disturbances in Schizophrenic Patients
Pharmacologic Approaches for the Management of Insomnia and Other Sleep Disturbances in Schizophrenic Patients
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep Disturbance in Substance Use Disorders
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSTIC ISSUES
Sleep Disturbances
Substance Use Disorders
ASSESSING SLEEP AND DAYTIME ALERTNESS DISTURBANCES
DISTINGUISHING THERAPY SEEKING AND DRUG SEEKING
ALERTNESS/SLEEP DISTURBANCE AND INITIATION OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
ALERTNESS/SLEEP DISTURBANCE AND MAINTENANCE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
ALERTNESS/SLEEP DISTURBANCE AND RELAPSE OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
TREATMENT OF SLEEP/ALERTNESS IN SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
COMMON NEUROBIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DELAYED SLEEP PHASE TYPE
ADVANCED SLEEP PHASE TYPE
IRREGULAR SLEEP-WAKE TYPE
NON-24-HOUR SLEEP-WAKE TYPE
SHIFT WORK TYPE
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Medical Conditions
Key points
OVERVIEW
SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR MEDICAL CONDITIONS
Sleep-Wake Cycle Disturbances in Patients with Cancer
Sleep-Wake Cycle Disturbances in Medical Conditions Other than Cancer
Sleep-wake cycle disturbances in patients with neurologic disorders
Sleep-wake cycle disturbances in patients with disorders associated with pain syndromes
Sleep-Wake Cycle Disturbances in Patients with Other Medical Conditions
RISK FACTORS FOR SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH MEDICAL CONDITIONS
UNDERLYING MECHANISMS AND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH MEDICAL CONDITIONS
SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH MEDICAL CONDITIONS
Screening
Assessment
MANAGEMENT OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN PATIENTS WITH MEDICAL CONDITIONS
Nonpharmacologic Management
Pharmacologic Management
Combined Treatment
SPECIAL ISSUES
Multidirectional Interactions Between Sleep Disturbances, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Cardiometabolic and Respiratory Diso ...
Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
New Developments in Insomnia Medications of Relevance to Mental Health Disorders
Key points
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF INSOMNIA THERAPIES
INSOMNIA MEDICATIONS WITH RELATIVELY LOW SPECIFICITY OF EFFECTS
Benzodiazepines
Distinguishing characteristics
Agents used to treat insomnia
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic specificity
Specificity of effects on brain functions (effects other than sleep-wake systems)
Clinical implications for personalization of therapy
Nonbenzodiazepines
Distinguishing characteristics
Agents used to treat insomnia
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic specificity
Specificity of effects on brain functions (effects on systems other than sleep-wake systems)
Clinical implications for personalization of therapy
Antidepressants
Distinguishing characteristics
Agents used to treat insomnia
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic specificity
Specificity of effects on brain functions (effects on systems other than sleep-wake systems)
Clinical implications for personalization of therapy
Antipsychotics
Distinguishing characteristics
Agents used to treat insomnia
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic specificity
Specificity of effects on brain functions (effects on systems other than sleep-wake systems)
Clinical implications for personalization of therapy
Nonselective Antihistamines
Distinguishing characteristics
Agents used to treat insomnia
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic specificity
Specificity of effects on brain functions (effects on systems other than sleep-wake systems)
Clinical implications for personalization of therapy
INSOMNIA MEDICATIONS WITH HIGHLY SPECIFIC EFFECTS
Selective H1 Histamine Receptor Antagonists
Distinguishing characteristics
Agents used to treat insomnia
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic specificity
Specificity of effects on brain functions (effects on systems other than sleep-wake systems)
Clinical implications for personalization of therapy
Selective Hypocretin/Orexin Antagonists
Distinguishing characteristics
Agents used to treat insomnia
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic specificity
Specificity of effects on brain functions (effects on systems other than sleep-wake systems)
Clinical implications for personalization of therapy
Selective a1 Adrenergic Antagonists
Distinguishing characteristics
Agents used to treat insomnia
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic specificity
Specificity of effects on brain functions (effects on systems other than sleep-wake systems)
Clinical implications for personalization of therapy
Selective Melatonin Receptor Agonists
Distinguishing characteristics
Agents used to treat insomnia
Mechanism of action
Pharmacologic specificity
Specificity of effects on brain functions (effects on systems other than sleep-wake systems)
Clinical implications for personalization of therapy
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
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Sleep Disorders and Mental Health, An Issue of Psychiatric Clinics of North America

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