Gravitation

Name: Gravitation
Brand: Wiley-ISTE
Price: 142.99 EUR
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Natalie Webb(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-ISTE (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 4. Juli 2024

352 Seiten

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978-1-394-30648-0 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Symbols and Constants
Chapter 1. General Relativity
1.1. The fundamentals of general relativity
1.1.1. The equivalence principle
1.1.2. Fundamentals of non-Euclidean geometry
1.2. Tensor analysis and curvature of space-time
1.2.1. Tangent space
1.2.2. Differentiation and parallel transport
1.2.3. Curvature
1.3. General relativity equations
1.3.1. Covariance principle
1.3.2. Energy-momentum tensor
1.3.3. Einstein equations
1.3.4. The Schwarzschild solution
1.4. References
Chapter 2. Compact Objects
2.1. Introduction
2.1.1. Compactness
2.2. White dwarfs
2.2.1. Formation
2.2.2. Electron degeneracy
2.2.3. Characteristics
2.2.4. Observations
2.3. Neutron stars
2.3.1. Formation
2.3.2. The neutron drip and baryonic degeneracy
2.3.3. Neutron star structure
2.3.4. The equation of state
2.3.5. Characteristics
2.3.6. Pulsars
2.3.7. Post-Keplerian parameters
2.3.8. Observations
2.4. Black holes
2.4.1. Formation
2.4.2. The mass
2.4.3. The radius
2.4.4. Black hole spin
2.4.5. Temperature
2.4.6. Gravitational redshift
2.4.7. Observations
2.5. Binary systems
2.5.1. Roche lobes
2.5.2. Binary evolution
2.5.3. Binary mass function
2.5.4. Accretion
2.5.5. Ejection
2.5.6. Observations
2.6. References
Chapter 3. Gravitational Waves
3.1. Gravitational waves in the context of general relativity
3.1.1. Some historical background
3.1.2. Properties of gravitational waves
3.1.3. Generation
3.1.4. Astrophysical sources and expected signals
3.2. Detection of gravitational waves
3.2.1. The effect of a gravitational wave on matter
3.2.2. Interferometric detectors (LIGO and Virgo)
3.2.3. Other detectors (LISA, pulsar chronometry)
3.2.4. Data analysis techniques
3.3. Gravitational wave astronomy
3.3.1. The fusion of black holes, GW150914 and others
3.3.2. GW170817 and the birth of multi-messenger astronomy
3.3.3. Constraints on the theories of gravitation
3.3.4. Astrophysical implications
3.3.5. Cosmology
3.4. The future
3.5. References
Chapter 4. The Friedmann-Lemaître Universe and Cosmological Expansion
4.1. Geometry
4.1.1. Comoving coordinates
4.1.2. Distances and coordinates
4.1.3. Metric over a sphere
4.1.4. FLRW metric
4.1.5. Area of a sphere of radius r
4.1.6. Volume of a sphere of radius r
4.2. Cosmological expansion
4.2.1. Redshift
4.2.2. Hubble-Lemaître law
4.2.3. Value of the Hubble constant
4.2.4. Remark on the interpretation of the Hubble-Lemaître law
4.2.5. Relationship to the Doppler effect
4.2.6. Domain of validity
4.2.7. Fundamental clarification
4.2.8. Decrease in physical velocities
4.3. The Friedmann-Lemaître equations
4.3.1. Writing the equations
4.3.2. Content of the Universe
4.3.3. Critical density and density parameters
4.3.4. Current values
4.3.5. Dominant component
4.3.6. The flatness problem
4.4. Temporal evolution
4.4.1. The evolution of the scale factor
4.4.2. Warning
4.4.3. The case of a flat universe with a single component
4.4.4. Initial singularity and age of the Universe
4.4.5. Big Bang
4.4.6. The case of an empty and flat universe with a cosmological constant
4.4.7. Flat universe containing matter and radiation (.=0)
4.4.8. Case of a non-flat universe with matter
4.4.9. Matter and cosmological constant: our current Universe
4.4.10. Age of the Universe
4.4.11. The O0 m - O0 . plane
4.5. Horizons
4.5.1. Particle horizon
4.5.2. The horizon problem
4.5.3. Horizon and redshift
4.5.4. Event horizon
4.5.5. Visible universe
4.6. Distances
4.6.1. Scale of cosmological distances
4.6.2. Ambiguity in the concept of distance
4.6.3. Comoving distance - relation between r and z
4.6.4. Physical distance and angular size
4.6.5. A note on recessional velocity
4.7. The redshift-luminosity relation
4.7.1. Luminous flux
4.7.2. Example of a flat universe made up of matter and radiation
4.7.3. Example of a flat universe composed of a cosmological constant
4.7.4. Calculating and plotting the curve
4.8. Angular size distance
4.9. Cosmological supernovas
4.9.1. Supernovas
4.9.2. Images
4.9.3. Magnitudes
4.9.4. Spectral bands
4.9.5. K-correction
4.9.6. Standardizable candles
4.9.7. Constraints on cosmological parameters
4.10. Conclusion
4.10.1. Cosmological probes
4.10.2. Quintessence
4.10.3. What next?
4.11. References
List of Authors
Index

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