Handbook of Green Chemistry - Green Solvents
Volume 6 - Ionic Liquids
1. Auflage
Erschienen am 7. April 2014
365 Seiten
978-3-527-68853-1 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
The shift towards being as environmentally-friendly as possible has resulted in the need for this important volume on the role of ionic liquids in green chemistry. Edited by Peter Wasserscheid, one of the pioneers of ionic liquid research, and Annegret Stark, this is an essential resource for anyone wishing to gain an understanding of the world of green chemistry, as well as for chemists, environmental agencies and chemical engineers.
Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Personen
Series Editor:
Paul T. Anastas joined Yale University as Professor and iserves as the Director of the Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering at Yale. From 2004-2006, Paul Anastas has been the Director of the Green Chemistry Institute in Washington, D.C. Until June of 2004 he served as Assistant Director for Environment at e White House Office of Science and Technology Policy where his responsibilities included a wide range of environmental science issues including furthering international public-private cooperation in areas of Science for Sustainability such as Green Chemistry. In 1991, he established the industry-government-university partnership Green Chemistry Program, which was expanded to include basic research, and the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards. He has published and edited several books in the field of Green Chemistry and is one of the inventors the 12 principles of Green Chemistry.
Volume Editors:
PD Dr. Annegret Stark and Prof. Peter Wasserscheid
Annegret Stark studied pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Applied Sciences in Isny, Germany. She conducted her diploma thesis in 1997 in the labs of R.D. Singer at St. Mary's University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, who inspired her to take up a researcher's career in the field of ionic liquids. After finishing her PhD in K.R. Seddon's research group at the Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 2001, she moved on to South Africa for a SASOL-sponsored postdoc in the group of H.G. Raubenheimer at Stellenbosch University (2001-2003).
Since 2011, she heads her own research group at the Institute for Technical Chemistry in Leipzig, Germany. Her research focus lies, on the one hand, on the elucidation of structure-induced interactions between ionic liquids and solutes, and the resulting effects on the reactivity of these. On the other hand, she is interested in the application of microreaction technology, e.g. in the conversion of highly reactive intermediates. Both, ionic liquids and microreaction technology, are exploited as tools with the goal to provide sustainable chemical and engineering concepts.
Peter Wasserscheid studied chemistry at the RWTH Aachen. After receiving his diploma in 1995 he joined the group of Prof. W. Keim at the Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry at the RWTH Aachen for his PhD thesis. In 1998 he moved to BP Chemicals in Sunbury/GB for an industrial postdoc for six months. He returned to the Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry at the RWTH Aachen where he completed his habilitation entitled "Ionic Liquids - a new Solvent Concept for Catalysis". In the meantime, he became co-founder of Solvent Innovation GmbH, Cologne, one of the leading companies in ionic liquid production and application (since December 2007 a 100% affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt). In 2003 he moved to Erlangen as successor Prof. Emig and since then is heading the Institute of Reaction Engineering. In 2005 he also became head of the department "Chemical and Bioengineering" of the University Erlangen-Nuremberg. P. Wasserscheid has received several awards including the Max-Buchner-award of DECHEMA (2001), the Innovation Award of the German Economy (2003, category "start-up") together with Solvent Innovations GmbH and the Leibniz Award of the German Science Foundation (2006). His key research interests are the reaction engineering aspects of multiphase catalytic processes with a particular focus on ionic liquid reaction media. The Wasserscheid group belongs to the top research teams in the development and application of ionic liquids in general, and in developing the ionic liquid technology for catalytic applications in special. For various reaction types the group has successfully demonstrated greatly enhanced performance of ionic liquid based catalyst systems vs. conventional systems.
Peter Wasserscheid has a scientific track record of more than 130 publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals plus man
Paul T. Anastas joined Yale University as Professor and iserves as the Director of the Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering at Yale. From 2004-2006, Paul Anastas has been the Director of the Green Chemistry Institute in Washington, D.C. Until June of 2004 he served as Assistant Director for Environment at e White House Office of Science and Technology Policy where his responsibilities included a wide range of environmental science issues including furthering international public-private cooperation in areas of Science for Sustainability such as Green Chemistry. In 1991, he established the industry-government-university partnership Green Chemistry Program, which was expanded to include basic research, and the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards. He has published and edited several books in the field of Green Chemistry and is one of the inventors the 12 principles of Green Chemistry.
Volume Editors:
PD Dr. Annegret Stark and Prof. Peter Wasserscheid
Annegret Stark studied pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Applied Sciences in Isny, Germany. She conducted her diploma thesis in 1997 in the labs of R.D. Singer at St. Mary's University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, who inspired her to take up a researcher's career in the field of ionic liquids. After finishing her PhD in K.R. Seddon's research group at the Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 2001, she moved on to South Africa for a SASOL-sponsored postdoc in the group of H.G. Raubenheimer at Stellenbosch University (2001-2003).
Since 2011, she heads her own research group at the Institute for Technical Chemistry in Leipzig, Germany. Her research focus lies, on the one hand, on the elucidation of structure-induced interactions between ionic liquids and solutes, and the resulting effects on the reactivity of these. On the other hand, she is interested in the application of microreaction technology, e.g. in the conversion of highly reactive intermediates. Both, ionic liquids and microreaction technology, are exploited as tools with the goal to provide sustainable chemical and engineering concepts.
Peter Wasserscheid studied chemistry at the RWTH Aachen. After receiving his diploma in 1995 he joined the group of Prof. W. Keim at the Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry at the RWTH Aachen for his PhD thesis. In 1998 he moved to BP Chemicals in Sunbury/GB for an industrial postdoc for six months. He returned to the Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry at the RWTH Aachen where he completed his habilitation entitled "Ionic Liquids - a new Solvent Concept for Catalysis". In the meantime, he became co-founder of Solvent Innovation GmbH, Cologne, one of the leading companies in ionic liquid production and application (since December 2007 a 100% affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt). In 2003 he moved to Erlangen as successor Prof. Emig and since then is heading the Institute of Reaction Engineering. In 2005 he also became head of the department "Chemical and Bioengineering" of the University Erlangen-Nuremberg. P. Wasserscheid has received several awards including the Max-Buchner-award of DECHEMA (2001), the Innovation Award of the German Economy (2003, category "start-up") together with Solvent Innovations GmbH and the Leibniz Award of the German Science Foundation (2006). His key research interests are the reaction engineering aspects of multiphase catalytic processes with a particular focus on ionic liquid reaction media. The Wasserscheid group belongs to the top research teams in the development and application of ionic liquids in general, and in developing the ionic liquid technology for catalytic applications in special. For various reaction types the group has successfully demonstrated greatly enhanced performance of ionic liquid based catalyst systems vs. conventional systems.
Peter Wasserscheid has a scientific track record of more than 130 publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals plus man
Inhalt
Preface
PART I: Green Synthesis
THE GREEN SYNTHESIS OF IONIC LIQUIDS
The Status Quo of Green Ionic Liquid Syntheses
Ionic Liquid Preparations Evaluated for Greenness
Which Principles of Green Chemistry are Relevant to Ionic Liquid Preparations?
Atom Economy and the E-Factor
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) Analyses
Conductive Heating Preparation of 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Halide Salts
Purification of 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Halide Salts
Ionic Liquid Syntheses Promoted by Microwave Irradiation
Syntheses of Ionic Liqudis Promoted by Ultrasonic Irradiation
Simultaneous Use of Microwave and Ultrasonic Irradiation to Prepare Ionic Liquids
Preparation of Ionic Liquids Using Microreactors
Purification of Ionic Liquids with Non-Halide Anions
Decolorization of Ionic Liquids
Conclusion
PART II: Green Synthesis Using Ionic Liquids
GREEN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS IN IONIC LIQUIDS
General Aspects
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
TRANSITION METAL CATALYSIS IN IONIC LIQUIDS
Solubility and Immobilization of Transition Metal Complexes in Ionic Liquids
Ionic Liquid-Catalyst Interaction
Distillative Product Isolation from Ionic Catalyst Solutions
New Opportunities for Biphasic Catalysis
Green Aspects of Nanoparticle and Nanocluster Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
Gren Aspects of Heterogeneous Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
Green Chemistry Aspects of Hydroformylation Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
Conclusion
IONIC LIQUIDS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL FROM SACCHARIDES. AN EXAMPLE OF THE CONVERSION OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES TO PLATFORM CHEMICALS
Introduction
HMF Manufacture
Goals of Study
HMF Manufacture in Ionic Liquids ¿ Results of Detailed Studies in the Jena Laboratories
Conclusion
CELLULOSE DISSOLUTION AND PROCESSING WITH IONIC LIQUIDS
General Aspects
Dissolution of Cellulose in Ionic Liquids
Rheological Behavior of Cellulose Solutions in Ionic Liquids
Regeneration of the Cellulose and Recycling of the Ionic Liquid
Cellulosic Fibers
Cellulose Derivatives
Fractionation of Biomass with Ionic Liquids
Conclusion and Outlook
PART III: Ionic Liquids in Green Engineering
GREEN SEPARATION PROCESSES WITH IONIC LIQUIDS
Introduction
Liquid Separations
Environmental Separations
Combination of Separations in the Liquid Phase with Membranes
Gas Separations
Engineering Aspects
Design of a Separation Process
Conclusions
APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS IN ELECTROLYTE SYSTEMS
Introduction
Electrolyte Properties of Ionic Liquids
Electrochemical Stability
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
IONIC LIQUIDS AS LUBRICANTS
Introduction
Why Are Ionic Liquids Good Lubricants?
Applications, Conclusion and Future Challenges
NEW WORKING PAIRS FOR ABSORPTION CHILLERS
Introduction
Absorption Chillers
Requirements and Challenges
State of the Art and Selected Results
Abbreviations
PART IV: Ionic Liquids and the Environment
DESIGN OF INHERENTLY SAFER IONIC LIQUIDS: TOXICOLOGY AND BIODEGRADATION
Introduction
(Eco)Toxicity of Ionic Liquids
Biodegradability of Ionic Liquids
Conclusion
ECO-EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF AN INDUSTRIALLY IMPLEMENTED IONIC LIQUID-BASED PROCESS ¿ THE BASF BASIL PROCESS
The Eco-Efficiency Analysis Tool
The Methodological Approach
The Design of the Eco-Efficiency Study of BASIL
Selected Single Results
The Creation of the Eco-Efficiency Portfolio
Scenario Analysis
Conclusion
Outlook
PERSPECTIVES OF IONIC LIQUIDS AS ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN SUBSTITUTES FOR MOLECULAR SOLVENTS
Introduction
Evaluation and Optimization of R&D Processes: Developing a Methodology
Assessment of Ionic Liquid Synthesis - Case Studies
Assessment of the Application of Ionic Liquids in Contrast to Molecular Solvents
Conclusions
PART I: Green Synthesis
THE GREEN SYNTHESIS OF IONIC LIQUIDS
The Status Quo of Green Ionic Liquid Syntheses
Ionic Liquid Preparations Evaluated for Greenness
Which Principles of Green Chemistry are Relevant to Ionic Liquid Preparations?
Atom Economy and the E-Factor
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) Analyses
Conductive Heating Preparation of 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Halide Salts
Purification of 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Halide Salts
Ionic Liquid Syntheses Promoted by Microwave Irradiation
Syntheses of Ionic Liqudis Promoted by Ultrasonic Irradiation
Simultaneous Use of Microwave and Ultrasonic Irradiation to Prepare Ionic Liquids
Preparation of Ionic Liquids Using Microreactors
Purification of Ionic Liquids with Non-Halide Anions
Decolorization of Ionic Liquids
Conclusion
PART II: Green Synthesis Using Ionic Liquids
GREEN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS IN IONIC LIQUIDS
General Aspects
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
TRANSITION METAL CATALYSIS IN IONIC LIQUIDS
Solubility and Immobilization of Transition Metal Complexes in Ionic Liquids
Ionic Liquid-Catalyst Interaction
Distillative Product Isolation from Ionic Catalyst Solutions
New Opportunities for Biphasic Catalysis
Green Aspects of Nanoparticle and Nanocluster Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
Gren Aspects of Heterogeneous Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
Green Chemistry Aspects of Hydroformylation Catalysis in Ionic Liquids
Conclusion
IONIC LIQUIDS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL FROM SACCHARIDES. AN EXAMPLE OF THE CONVERSION OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES TO PLATFORM CHEMICALS
Introduction
HMF Manufacture
Goals of Study
HMF Manufacture in Ionic Liquids ¿ Results of Detailed Studies in the Jena Laboratories
Conclusion
CELLULOSE DISSOLUTION AND PROCESSING WITH IONIC LIQUIDS
General Aspects
Dissolution of Cellulose in Ionic Liquids
Rheological Behavior of Cellulose Solutions in Ionic Liquids
Regeneration of the Cellulose and Recycling of the Ionic Liquid
Cellulosic Fibers
Cellulose Derivatives
Fractionation of Biomass with Ionic Liquids
Conclusion and Outlook
PART III: Ionic Liquids in Green Engineering
GREEN SEPARATION PROCESSES WITH IONIC LIQUIDS
Introduction
Liquid Separations
Environmental Separations
Combination of Separations in the Liquid Phase with Membranes
Gas Separations
Engineering Aspects
Design of a Separation Process
Conclusions
APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS IN ELECTROLYTE SYSTEMS
Introduction
Electrolyte Properties of Ionic Liquids
Electrochemical Stability
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
IONIC LIQUIDS AS LUBRICANTS
Introduction
Why Are Ionic Liquids Good Lubricants?
Applications, Conclusion and Future Challenges
NEW WORKING PAIRS FOR ABSORPTION CHILLERS
Introduction
Absorption Chillers
Requirements and Challenges
State of the Art and Selected Results
Abbreviations
PART IV: Ionic Liquids and the Environment
DESIGN OF INHERENTLY SAFER IONIC LIQUIDS: TOXICOLOGY AND BIODEGRADATION
Introduction
(Eco)Toxicity of Ionic Liquids
Biodegradability of Ionic Liquids
Conclusion
ECO-EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF AN INDUSTRIALLY IMPLEMENTED IONIC LIQUID-BASED PROCESS ¿ THE BASF BASIL PROCESS
The Eco-Efficiency Analysis Tool
The Methodological Approach
The Design of the Eco-Efficiency Study of BASIL
Selected Single Results
The Creation of the Eco-Efficiency Portfolio
Scenario Analysis
Conclusion
Outlook
PERSPECTIVES OF IONIC LIQUIDS AS ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN SUBSTITUTES FOR MOLECULAR SOLVENTS
Introduction
Evaluation and Optimization of R&D Processes: Developing a Methodology
Assessment of Ionic Liquid Synthesis - Case Studies
Assessment of the Application of Ionic Liquids in Contrast to Molecular Solvents
Conclusions
