Crystal Violet: Production, Applications and Precautions
Erschienen am 12. Juni 2019
131 Seiten
978-1-5361-5807-6 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
Crystal Violet: Production, Applications and Precautions opens by presenting the main factors influencing the metachromatic phenomenon. The hypsochromic effect is due to the symmetry of the molecule providing the common electronic signal around the central carbon atom. Next, the authors discuss further modification of the adsorbents in an effort to improve their adsorption capacity and make them feasible for use in field applications. The closing chapter reports on the removal of crystal violet dye from water using surfactant-modified zeolite from coal fly ash, surfactant-modified zeolite from coal bottom ash and nanosilica from sugarcane waste ash.
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Inhalt
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1
- Aspects Concerning the Hypsochrome Effect and Spectral Remission of Crystal Violet
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Aggregation of Colorants in the Presence of Polyelectrolytes
- 2.1. The Direction of Metachromatic Shift
- 2.2. Stability of Metachromatic Compounds
- 2.3. Factors Influencing the Metachromatic Phenomenon
- 2.3.1. The Structural Parameters of the Polyelectrolyte
- 2.3.2. The Structural Parameters of the Colorant
- 2.3.2.1. The Influence of the Stearic Factors
- 2.3.2.2. The Absorption Characteristics of Metachromatic Colorants. The Effects of the Electronic Structure
- 2.3.3. Influence of pH on the Metachromatic Phenomenon
- 2.3.4. Influence of Solvents on the Metachromatic Phenomenon
- 2.3.5. Influence of Salt on the Metachromatic Phenomenon
- 2.3.6. Influence of Reaction Time, Temperature and Pressure
- 3. Dyeing Melana Fibers with CV in the Presence of Maleic Anionic Polyelectrolytes
- 3.1. Materials Used
- 3.1.1. Romanian Melana Fiber
- 3.1.2. Polyelectrolytes
- 3.1.2.1. The Polyelectrolyte (NaM-AV)
- 3.1.2.2. The Polyelectrolyte (NaM-S)
- 3.1.3. The Crystal Violet (CV) Colorant
- 3.2. Particularities of Melana Fiber Dyeing
- 3.2.1. The Control of the Dyeing Speed by Adding Equalization and Slowing Agents
- 3.2.2. Anionic Retarders
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 2
- Environmentally Safe Biosorbents for Crystal Violet Removal from Wastewater
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Dyes in General with a Special Reference to Crystal Violet
- 2.1. Chemical Formula, Structure and Properties of CV
- 2.2. Source of CV Contamination in Environment, and Toxicity and Carcinogenic Effects of CV
- 3. Adsorption Methods
- 3.1. Factors Affecting the Biosorption
- 3.2. Sorption/Biosorption Mechanisms
- 4. Recent Reports on Various Adsorbents Used in CV Removal
- 5. Use of Low-Cost Adsorbents in the Sorption of CV
- 5.1. Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives for the Removal of CV
- 5.2. Alginate and Alginate Derivatives as Environmental Friendly Adsorbents for the Removal of CV
- 6. Advantages and Possible Drawbacks of Using Environmentally Safe Biosorbents
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 3
- Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Ash-Based Adsorbent Materials
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Experimental Section
- 2.1. Materials
- 2.2. Synthesis of Adsorbents
- 2.2.1. Synthesis of Surfactant-Modified Zeolite
- 2.2.2. Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles
- 2.3. Characterization of Materials
- 2.4. Adsorption Studies
- 2.5. Linear and Non-Linear Kinetic Models
- 2.6. Equilibrium Models
- 3. Crystal Violet Removal by Surfactant-Modified Zeolites
- 3.1. Characterizations of Zeolitic Materials
- 3.2. Adsorption Kinetic Studies
- 3.3. Adsorption Isotherm
- 4. Crystal Violet Removal by Nanosilica
- 4.1. Characterizations of Nanosilica
- 4.2. Adsorption Studies
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Index
- Blank Page
