
Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Small and Exotic Animals, An Issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
Elsevier (Verlag)
1. Auflage
Erschienen am 24. August 2015
100 Seiten
978-0-323-43028-9 (ISBN)
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Beschreibung
This issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine provides approaches and diagnostic techniques relating to the assessment of small and exotic animals. Topics covered include: Clinical Approach to Advanced Renal Function Testing in Dogs and Cats; A Laboratory Diagnostic Approach to Hepatobiliary Disease in Small Animals; Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Disorders in Dogs and Cats; Practical Interpretation and Application of Exocrine Pancreatic Testing in Small Animals; Using Cardiac Biomarkers in Veterinary Practice; Use of Lactate in Small Animal Practice; Diagnosis of Disorders of Iron Metabolism in Dogs and Cats; Making Sense of Lymphoma Diagnostics in Small Animal Patients; Hematology of Domestic Ferret; Hematological Assessment in Pet Rabbits: Blood Sample Collection and Blood Cell Identification; Hematological Assessment in Pet Rats, Mice, Hamsters, and Gerbils: Blood Sample Collection and Blood Cell Identification; Hematological Assessments in Pet Guinea Pigs: Blood Sample Collection and Blood Cell Identification; Avian Hematology; Reptile Hematology; Fish Hematology and Associated Disorders; Evaluation of the Blood Film.
Weitere Details
Sprache
Englisch
Verlagsort
Philadelphia
USA
Verlagsgruppe
Elsevier HealthScience EN
Dateigröße
19,15 MB
ISBN-13
978-0-323-43028-9 (9780323430289)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Weitere Ausgaben
Person
Sonstige Urheber
Inhalt
- Front Cover
- Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Small and Exotic Animals
- Copyright
- Contributors
- AUTHORS
- Contents
- Clinical Approach to Advanced Renal Function Testing in Dogs and Cats
- A Laboratory Diagnostic Approach to Hepatobiliary Disease in Small Animals
- Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Disorders in Dogs and Cats
- Practical Interpretation and Application of Exocrine Pancreatic Testing in Small Animals
- Using Cardiac Biomarkers in Veterinary Practice
- Use of Lactate in Small Animal Clinical Practice
- Diagnosis of Disorders of Iron Metabolism in Dogs and Cats
- Making Sense of Lymphoma Diagnostics in Small Animal Patients
- Hematology of the Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
- Hematological Assessment in Pet Rabbits: Blood Sample Collection and Blood Cell Identification
- Hematologic Assessment in Pet Rats, Mice, Hamsters, and Gerbils: Blood Sample Collection and Blood Cell Identification
- Hematological Assessment in Pet Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus): Blood Sample Collection and Blood Cell Identification
- Avian Hematology
- Reptile Hematology
- Fish Hematology and Associated Disorders
- Evaluation of the Blood Film
- Erratum
- Clinical Approach to Advanced Renal Function Testing in Dogs and Cats
- Key points
- GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE
- URINARY FRACTIONAL EXCRETION OF ELECTROLYTES
- URINARY BIOMARKERS OF KIDNEY INJURY
- Commercially Available Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury
- Urine albumin/microalbuminuria
- Urine ?-glutamyl transpeptidase:creatinine ratio
- Selected Investigational Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury
- Cystatin C
- Interleukin 18
- Kidney injury molecule-1
- N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase
- Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
- Retinol binding protein
- REFERENCES
- A Laboratory Diagnostic Approach to Hepatobiliary Disease in Small Animals
- Key points
- TESTING AND REFERENCE INTERVALS
- OVERVIEW OF HEPATIC ENZYMES
- Alanine Aminotransferase
- Aspartate Aminotransferase
- Alkaline Phosphatase
- ?-Glutamyltransferase
- Lactate Dehydrogenase
- Bilirubin
- Serum Bile Acids
- Ammonia
- Indirect Markers of Hepatobiliary Disease
- HEMATOLOGY
- URINALYSIS ABNORMALITIES SECONDARY TO HEPATIC DISEASE
- CYTOLOGY
- Neoplasia
- Lipid and Nonlipid Vacuolar Change
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease
- HISTOPATHOLOGY
- REFERENCES
- Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Disorders in Dogs and Cats
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION: DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP OF SMALL INTESTINAL DISORDERS
- Differential Diagnoses for Acute Small Intestinal Diseases
- Systemically well
- Systemically unwell, abnormal abdominal palpation, severe diarrhea with hematochezia, melena, and frequent vomiting
- DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP OF CHRONIC SMALL INTESTINAL DIARRHEA
- Causes of Chronic Small Intestinal Disease
- INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY TESTS TO AID THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC SMALL INTESTINAL DIARRHEA
- Serum Albumin Concentrations
- Dogs
- Cats
- Serum Cobalamin Concentrations in Dogs and Cats
- Cats
- Supplementation recommendations for dogs and cats
- Canine Pancreatic Lipase
- C-Reactive Protein
- Fecal a1-Proteinase Inhibitor
- Histology and World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Scoring of Intestinal Biopsies
- PARR in Intestinal Biopsies
- Perinuclear Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibodies
- Calprotectin and S100A12
- Immunohistochemistry for P-Glycoprotein on Intestinal Biopsies
- Immunohistochemistry for CD11c in Intestinal Biopsies
- Genetic Testing
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Practical Interpretation and Application of Exocrine Pancreatic Testing in Small Animals
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN THE DOG
- Routine Clinical Pathology
- Fluid Cytology
- Serum Lipase and Amylase
- Trypsinogen Activation Peptide
- Trypsin-like Immunoreactivity
- Canine Pancreatic Lipase
- Serum Pancreatic Elastase
- Determining Severity
- ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN THE CAT
- CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
- PANCREATIC NEOPLASIA
- Pancreatic Cytology
- EXOCRINE PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY
- REFERENCES
- Using Cardiac Biomarkers in Veterinary Practice
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM
- CARDIAC TROPONIN
- NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES
- INDICATIONS FOR C-BNP AND NT-PROBNP TESTING
- Differentiation of Cardiac Versus Noncardiac Causes of Respiratory Signs
- Detection of Occult Cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers and in Cats
- Predicting Morbidity and Mortality in Dogs with Heart Disease
- INDICATIONS FOR CARDIAC TROPONIN TESTING
- LIMITATIONS OF CARDIAC BIOMARKERS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Use of Lactate in Small Animal Clinical Practice
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- LACTATE PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM
- CLASSIFICATION OF LACTIC ACIDOSIS
- SAMPLE COLLECTION AND LACTATE ANALYSIS
- ANALYTICAL INTERFERENCES
- DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION OF LACTATE CONCENTRATION
- Type A Lactic Acidosis
- Type B Lactic Acidosis
- D-Lactic Acidosis
- LACTATE CONCENTRATION IN OTHER BODY FLUIDS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Diagnosis of Disorders of Iron Metabolism in Dogs and Cats
- Key points
- REVIEW OF NORMAL IRON METABOLISM
- Function
- Location
- Plasma Iron
- Regulation
- ASSAYS USED IN THE ASSESSMENT OF IRON STATUS
- Serum Iron Concentration
- Ferritin
- Transferrin
- Percent Saturation
- Tissue Iron Concentration
- Other Assays Not Yet Available in Veterinary Medicine
- ASSESSMENT OF IRON STATUS IN DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH IRON METABOLISM
- Iron Deficiency
- Causation
- Iron assays
- Hematology
- Reticulocyte indices
- Iron-refractory iron deficiency
- Anemia of Inflammation (Anemia of Chronic Disease)
- Causation
- Iron assays
- Hemochromatosis
- Causation
- Iron assays
- Portosystemic Shunt Microcytosis
- Causation
- Iron assays
- Copper Deficiency
- Causation
- Iron assays
- REFERENCES
- Making Sense of Lymphoma Diagnostics in Small Animal Patients
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- CYTOLOGY
- Lymphocyte Morphology
- Diagnosis of Lymphoma by Cytology
- Supporting Cytologic Features
- Staging of Lymphoma by Cytology
- Limitations of Cytology
- Sample Requirements
- HISTOPATHOLOGY
- Overview
- Sample Requirements
- IMMUNOPHENOTYPING BY FLOW CYTOMETRY
- Overview
- Flow-Cytometric Panels
- Sample Requirements
- PARR
- Caveats for PARR
- Sample Requirements
- IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
- Diagnostic Utility
- Key Considerations for Clinical Application
- Sample Requirements
- TUMOR BIOMARKERS
- CASE STUDIES
- Case 1
- Case 2
- SUMMARY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Hematology of the Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
- Key points
- METHODOLOGY FOR BLOOD COLLECTION
- Restraint
- Manual restraint
- Chemical restraint
- Blood Collection Sites: Location and Preparation, and Venipuncture Techniques
- Volume Collected
- MORPHOLOGY AND NUMBERS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS
- Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cell)
- Thrombocytes (Platelets)
- Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- REFERENCES
- Hematological Assessment in Pet Rabbits
- Key point
- METHODOLOGY FOR BLOOD COLLECTION
- Restraint
- Blood Collection Sites-Location and Preparation, and Venipuncture Techniques
- Volume Collected
- Handling of the Blood Sample
- MORPHOLOGY AND NUMBERS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS
- Erythrocytes
- Thrombocytes (Platelets)
- Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- INTERPRETATION OF THE HEMOGRAM
- Erythrocytes
- Thrombocytes
- Leukocytes
- REFERENCES
- Hematologic Assessment in Pet Rats, Mice, Hamsters, and Gerbils
- Key points
- BIOSAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS FOR CLINIC STAFF
- METHODOLOGY FOR BLOOD COLLECTION
- Restraint
- Manual restraint
- Mice
- Rats
- Gerbils
- Hamsters
- Chemical restraint
- Blood Collection Sites in Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters: Location, Preparation, and Venipuncture Techniques
- Collection from tail veins
- Collection from ventral caudal artery
- Collection from hindlimb vessels
- Blood Volume Collected
- MORPHOLOGY AND NUMBERS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS
- Erythrocytes
- Thrombocytes (Platelets)
- Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- REFERENCES
- Hematological Assessment in Pet Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)
- Key points
- METHODOLOGY FOR BLOOD COLLECTION
- Restraint
- Blood Collection Sites: Location and Preparation, and Venipuncture Techniques
- Volume Collected
- MORPHOLOGY AND NUMBERS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS
- Erythrocytes
- Thrombocytes (Platelets)
- Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
- Neutrophils (Heterophils)
- Lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- Kurloff Cells
- REFERENCES
- Avian Hematology
- Key points
- AVIAN HEMATOLOGY
- AVIAN ERYTHROCYTE MORPHOLOGY
- Polychromatophilic Erythrocytes and Reticulocytes
- Anisocytosis
- Poikilocytes
- Anemia
- Regenerative anemia
- Nonregenerative anemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Hemorrhagic anemia
- Polycythemia
- Hemoparasites
- AVIAN LEUKOCYTE MORPHOLOGY
- Heterophil
- Eosinophil
- Basophil
- Lymphocyte
- Monocyte
- Thrombocyte
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Reptile Hematology
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- RESTRAINT AND BLOOD COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
- General Comments
- Snakes
- Lizards
- Chelonians
- Crocodilians
- SAMPLE ANALYSIS
- Erythrocytes
- Leukocytes
- FACTORS AFFECTING THE NORMAL HEMOGRAM
- Demographics
- Biological Activity
- Season and Environmental Conditions
- Restraint
- DISORDERS OF HEMATOLOGY
- Erythrocytic Disorders
- Anemia
- Polycythemia
- Inclusions
- Leukocytic Disorders
- Leukocytosis
- Leukopenia
- Inclusions/hemoparasites
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Fish Hematology and Associated Disorders
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- BLOOD COLLECTION
- Restraint Techniques
- Venipuncture Sites
- Sample Handling
- HEMATOLOGIC EVALUATION
- Erythrocyte Structure and Function
- Packed Cell Volume
- Red Blood Cell Indices
- Leukocyte Structure and Function
- Thrombocytes
- Complete Blood Count (Hemacytometer)
- Blood Smear and Differential
- Interpretation of Results
- REFERENCES
- Evaluation of the Blood Film
- Key points
- ERYTHROCYTES
- LEUKOCYTES
- ACQUIRED CHANGES IN LEUKOCYTE MORPHOLOGY
- THROMBOCYTES AND PLATELETS
- BLOOD PARASITES OF BIRDS
- BLOOD PARASITES AND RED CELL INCLUSIONS OF HERPTILES (REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS)
- BLOOD PARASITES OF FISH
- REFERENCES
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