Agricultural and Industrial Applications Environmental Interactions

List of ContributorsPrefaceContents of Volume IIChapter 1. History of Fungicides I. Introduction II. The First or Sulfur Era (to 1882) III. The Second or Copper Era (1882-1934) IV. The Third or Organic Fungicide Era (1934-) V. Conclusion ReferencesChapter 2. World Fungicide Usage I. Introduction II. Major Diseases on Major Crops III. Noncrop Uses of Fungicides IV. Trends in Fungicide Usage ReferencesChapter 3. Epidemiology of Fungicidal Action I. Introduction II. Relation between the Amount of Inoculum and the Amount of Disease It Produces III. The Progress of an Epidemic and the Effect of Fungicides on It IV. The Fungicide Square: Pathogen, Host, Environment, and Fungicide ReferencesChapter 4. Determination and Measurement of Fungitoxicity I. Introduction II. Basic Fungitoxicity Tests III. Practical Fungitoxicity Tests IV. Assessment of Results V. Correlation among Basic, Practical, and Field Test Results ReferencesChapter 5. Commercial Fungicide Development I. Starting the Search II. Some Factors to Study III. Development Costs IV. Fungicides and the Law V. Coordination with Government Research VI. The Need to Succeed ReferencesChapter 6. Formulation I. Introduction II. Types of Formulation III. Compatibility IV. Evaluation of Physical Properties of Formulations V. Effect of Formulation on Fungicide Performance VI. Conclusions ReferencesChapter 7. Application and Use of Soil and Seed-Treatment Fungicides I. Introduction II. Soil Treatment III. Seed Treatment ReferencesChapter 8. Application and Use of Foliar Fungicides I. Introduction II. Methods of Application III. Production of Small Particles IV. Movement toward the Target V. Deposition on the Target VI. Distribution on the Target VII. Spray Cover VIII. Persistence and Redistribution IX. Transfer of the Fungicide X. Conclusions ReferencesChapter 9. Application and Use of Postharvest Fungicides I. Introduction II. Etiology of Postharvest Diseases in Relation to Control III. Objectives of Postharvest Fungicide Treatment IV. Biological and Environmental Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of the Treatment V. Methods of Applying Postharvest Fungicide Treatments VI. Properties and Applications of Specific Fungicides VII. Current and Future Trends in the Development of Postharvest Fungicides ReferencesChapter 10. Application and Use of Fungicides as Industrial Preservatives I. Introduction II. Textiles III. Paper and Pulp IV. Rubber, Plastics, and Paint V. Electrical and Electronic Equipment VI. Petroleum Products VII. Leather VIII. Drug and Cosmetic Preservatives ReferencesChapter 11. Application and Use of Fungicides in Wood Preservation I. Introduction II. Present Status of the Wood Preserving Industry III. Characteristics of Wood-Attacking Fungi IV. The Prevention of Decay without the Use of Fungicides V. Requirements of Wood Preservatives and General Types Used VI. Oil-Type Preservatives VII. Waterborne Preservatives VIII. Relation between Chemical Constitution and Toxicity to Wood-Destroying Fungi IX. The Effectiveness of Wood Preservatives X. Conventional Retentions of Wood Preservatives XI. Methods of Applying Preservatives ReferencesChapter 12. Chemical and Physical Interactions I. Introduction II. The Actors III. The Interactions ReferencesChapter 13. Fungicides in the Soil Environment I. Introduction II. The Fate of Fungicides in Soil III. Factors Affecting Fungicidal Efficiency IV. Specific Details Regarding Commercially Used Fungicides V. Future of Soil Fungicides and Research VI. Summary ReferencesChapter 14. Uptake, Translocation, and Transformations by Higher Plants I. Introduction II.