The Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease

Name: The Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
Brand: Wiley
Price: 98.99 EUR
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Nimmy Srivastava Salam A. Ibrahim Jayeeta Chattopadhyay Mohamed H. Arbab(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 6. September 2023

272 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
The Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
Contents
List of Contributors
1 Structural and Dynamics of Healthy Adult's Microbiota
1.1 Introduction
References
2 Composition and Diversity of Gut Microbiota
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Composition and Diversity of Gut Microbiota Throughout Lifespan
2.3 Composition of Bacterial Community in the Different Sections of the Gastrointestinal Tract
2.4 Stability, Resilience, and Functional Redundancy
2.5 Interactions in the Gut Microbiota
2.5.1 Microbe-microbe Interactions
2.5.2 Host-microbe Interactions
2.5.3 Colonisation of the Gut Microbiota
2.6 Conclusion
References
3 Factors Affecting Composition and Diversity of Gut Microbiota: A Disease Hallmark
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Composition of Gut Microbiota
3.2.1 Gut Microbiota of Infants and Newborns
3.2.2 Gut Microbiota of Adults
3.3 Factors Affecting Gut Microbiota
3.3.1 Age and Delivery Pattern
3.3.2 Diet
3.3.3 Antibiotics
3.3.4 Oxidative Stress
3.4 Modulation of Gut Microbiota
3.4.1 Probiotics and Prebiotics
3.5 Gut Microbiota Hallmark in Disease Condition
3.5.1 Cancer
3.5.2 COVID-19
3.5.3 HIV
3.6 Conclusion
References
4 Antibiotic-Induced Changes in the Composition of the Gut Microbiome
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Gut Microbiota Composition
4.3 Antibiotic-induced Changes in the Composition of the Microbiota
4.3.1 Loss of Bacterial Diversity and Domination of Pathogenic Bacteria
4.3.2 Decrease or Loss of Certain Bacterial Species
4.3.3 Increase in Susceptibility to Infections and Diseases
4.4 Conclusion
References
5 Dysbiosis and its Varied Impacts
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Causes of Dysbiosis
5.3 Dysbiosis, Immune System, and Associated Diseases
5.3.1 Dysbiosis in the Immune-Compromised Host
5.3.2 Intestinal Bowel Disease (IBD)
5.3.3 Rheumatoid Arthritis
5.3.4 Type 1 Diabetes
5.3.5 Dysbiosis of Skin Microbiome in Carcinogenesis
5.3.6 Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota Impacts Carcinogenesis
5.3.7 Dysbiosis of Urobiome
5.3.8 Pigmented Gallstone
5.3.9 Cholangitis
5.4 Intestinal Colonisation in Neonates and Dysbiosis
5.5 Treatment or Therapeutics
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Connection between Dysbiosis and Diet
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis
6.1.2 Importance of Diet in regulation of Gut Microbiota
6.2 Different Dietary Patterns Resulting in Dysbiosis
6.2.1 Breastfeeding
6.2.2 Carbohydrate-rich Diet
6.2.3 Protein-rich Diet
6.2.4 Fats and Oil-rich Diet
6.3 Future Prospects in Establishing a Healthy Connection between Diet and Gut Microbiota
6.4 Conclusion
References
7 Composition of Gut Microbiota and Clostridium difficile
7.1 Introduction
References
8 Gut Microbiota and Obesity
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Obesity Epidemic: Statistics and General Background
8.3 Gut Microbiota and Obesity
8.4 Adiposity and Gut Microbiota
8.4.1 Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)
8.4.2 AMPK and FIAF
8.4.3 Bile Acids
8.4.4 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
8.5 Gut Microbiota Modification
8.5.1 Diet
8.5.2 Age
8.5.3 Antibiotics
8.5.4 Probiotics
8.6 The Microbiota and Obesity Interactions
8.6.1 Immune System
8.6.2 Lipid Metabolism
8.6.3 Satiety Hormones
8.6.4 Nutrient Metabolism
8.6.5 Lymphoid Structures
8.6.6 Microbiota-Adipose Tissue Axis
References
9 Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Gut Microbiota and CVD
9.2.1 Role of TMAO in Coronary Heart Disease
9.3 Gut Microbiota Composition in Cardiovascular Disease
9.4 Gut Microbiota Function in Cardiovascular Disease
9.5 Gut Microbiota as Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease
9.5.1 Probiotics
9.5.2 Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
References
10 Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Intestinal Microbiome in IBD Patients
10.2.1 Dysbiosis in IBD
10.2.2 Genetic Factors of the Host Affecting the Pathogenesis of IBD
10.2.3 Environmental Factors in the Disruption of Gut Microbiota and Development of IBD
10.3 Interventions for the Treatment of IBD
10.3.1 Microbiome-modulating Approach in the Treatment of IBD
10.4 Conclusion
References
11 Gut Microbiota and Diabetes
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Gut Microbiota
11.3 Role of Gut Microbiota in Diabetes
11.4 Alteration in Gut Microbiota Composition in T1 and T2 Diabetes
11.4.1 T1D
11.4.2 Type 2 Diabetes
11.5 Diabetic Complications
11.5.1 Diabetic Retinopathy
11.5.2 Diabetic Nephropathy
11.5.3 Diabetic Neuropathy
11.6 Therapeutic Approaches
11.7 Conclusion
References
12 Novel Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Gut Microbiota to Treat Diseases
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Changes in the Composition of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with T1D
12.3 The Potential Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Development of T1D
12.4 Changes in the Composition of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with T2D
12.5 The Potential Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Development of T2D
12.7 Preventive and Therapeutic Perspectives Including the Gut Microbiota
References
13 Understanding the Role of Microbiota in Cancer
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Role of Microbiota in Cancers
13.2.1 Gastric Cancer
13.2.2 Colorectal Cancer
13.2.3 Liver Cancer
13.2.4 Pancreatic Cancer
13.3 Mechanism in which Microbiota Kill Cancer Cells
13.4 Microbiota that Promote Health Post Cancer Treatment
13.5 Conclusion
References
14 Impact of Gut Microbiota on Mental Health in Humans
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Importance of Gut Microbiota
14.1.2 The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
14.2 Gut Dysbiosis and Mental Health Disorders
14.2.1 Neurodevelopmental Disorders
14.2.2 Mood Disorders
14.2.3 Depression Disorders
14.2.4 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
14.3 Psychiatric Medication and the Microbiome
14.4 Probiotic Treatments for Mental Health Disorders
14.5 Future Therapeutic Approach
14.6 Conclusion
References
15 Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Central and Enteric Nervous Systems: The Gut-Brain Axis Concept
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The Neuronal Communications
15.3 Neuroimmune Regulation of Inflammation and Cellular Defence
15.3.1 Involvement of Microbiota in the Development of the Nervous and Immune Systems and Modulation of Inflammation
15.3.2 The Importance of Microbiota for the Development of the Nervous and Immune Systems
References
16 Immune-Modulation and Gut Microbiome
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome
16.3 Gut Dysbiosis and Diseases
16.3.1 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
16.3.2 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
16.4 Gut Microbiome-Mediated Immune Modulation
16.4.1 Innate Immunity
16.4.2 Adaptive Immunity
16.5 Gut Microbiome Modulators
16.5.1 Diet
16.5.2 Diet, Gut Microbiome, and Immunity
16.5.3 Short-Chain Fatty Acids
16.6 Prebiotics
16.7 Probiotics
16.8 Galectins, Gut Microbiome, and Immune Modulation
16.9 Conclusion
References
17 Current Molecular Technologies for Assaying the Gut Microbiota: Next-generation DNA Sequencing
17.1 Introduction and Overview
17.2 Research on the Gut Microbiome Using Next-generation Sequencing
17.2.1 Amplicon Sequencing
17.2.2 Shotgun Metagenomic and RNA Sequencing
17.2.3 Comparisons between NGS Methods
17.3 Collection, Storage, and DNA Extraction Methodology
17.3.1 Sample Collection and Storage
17.3.2 DNA Extraction and Quantification
17.4 DNA Sequencing and Post-processing
17.5 Metabolic Modelling of the Human Gut Microbiome
References
18 The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Gut Modulation
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Probiotics and Prebiotics: A Functional Perspective
18.3 Diet and its Effect on Gut Microbiota
18.4 Modification of Intestinal Microbiota by the Application of Probiotics and Prebiotics
18.4.1 Dysbiosis and Human Diseases
18.4.2 How Probiotics Alter the Intestinal Microbiota
18.4.3 Probiotics and Intestinal Immunomodulation
18.4.4 Probiotics and Prebiotics on Intestinal Neuroimmunology
18.5 Prebiotics and Gut Immunity
18.5.1 Effects (Direct and Indirect) of Prebiotics on the Immune System
18.6 Conclusions and Future Research
References
19 Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics: A Potential Source for a Healthy Gut
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Prebiotics
19.2.1 Types of Prebiotics
19.2.2 Functioning of Prebiotics
19.3 Probiotics
19.3.1 Characteristics of Probiotics
19.3.2 Mechanisms of Action of Probiotic Strains
19.3.3 Applications of Probiotics
19.4 Synbiotics
19.4.1 Selection Criteria
19.4.2 Mechanism of Action
19.4.3 Therapeutic Actions
19.5 Conclusion
References
20 Current Status and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Patients Suffering from Irritable Bowel Syndrome
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Donor Selection
20.3 Safety Issues of FMT for IBS
20.4 Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of FMT
20.5 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Index
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