The contact between the human blood and foreign technical apparatus (circulatory) and respiratory assist devices, arti ficial kidneys) leads to changes in the plasmatic and cel lular components of the blood, which have often only been taken as signs of gross but passive blood destruction. There is much evidence to support this notion in parts (mechanical cellolysis of erythrocytes and thrombocytes), however, these changes have to be seen in a broader bio logical context as an organ-specific reaction of the blood. It is an unjustified oversimplification to simply treat the blood as transport organ for respiratory gases (02 and CO ) and metabolites. The blood is rather also an organ 2 system for specific and unspecific defense mechanisms, di rected against the hazards of mechanical, microbiological and toxicological risks posed to multicellular macro-orga nisms in an environment in which trauma and other distur bances of the physical integrity are common. The two defense systems of the blood are based on humural and cellular constituents; the latter have to be considered as "excitable cells", capable of responding in a predictable and automatic fashion to adequate stimuli. The response of the cellular constituents in controlled and coordinated by chemical mediators. The immunological research of the last century has distinguished two separate defense systems of the blood: I. The highly specific defense system (immune system sen sustrictori) which is phylogenetically new and is ontogenetically learned.
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Illustrationen
34 s/w Abbildungen
416 p. 34 illus.
Dateigröße
ISBN-13
978-94-009-9337-2 (9789400993372)
DOI
10.1007/978-94-009-9337-2
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1. Biological analysis of blood trauma: the response of the unspecific defense system to foreign technical apparatus.- 2. Considerations of platelet function mechanisms.- Discussion (moderator G.V.R. Born).- 3. Stimulation of human platelets under the influence of high shear stresses in tube flow.- Discussion (moderator G.V.R. Born).- 4. The induction of intravascular thrombi in vivo by means of localised hydodynamic shear stresses.- Discussion (moderator Williams).- 5. Species differences in platelet aggregation with special reference to heparin as anticoagulant.- Discussion (moderator H.C. Hemker).- 6. Fluid dynamic aspects of the blood cell-vessel wall interaction.- Discussion (moderator H.C. Hemker).- 7. The role of surfaces in the mechanism of blood coagulation.- Discussion (moderator E. Wenzel).- 8. Blood trauma and hypercoagulability produced by extracorporeal circulation.- Discussion (moderator E. Wenzel).- 9. Electro-optical investigations of the fibrinogen-fibrin conversion in artificial membranes.- Discussion (moderator H.C. Hemker).- 10. Fluid dynamic aspects of mechanical haemolysis.- 11. Cellular blood damage caused by foreign materials: An engineers view of the problem.- Discussion (moderator H.C. Engell).- 12. Micromechanics of the red cell in viscometrie flow.- Discussion (moderator Williams).- 13. Effect of extracorporeal circulation with different oxygenators on the volume of red blood cells.- Discussion (moderator Williams).- 14. Mechanical red cell disruption.- Discussion (moderator Williams).- 15. ADP release from red cells subjected of high shear stresses.- Discussion (moderator Born).- 16. Effects of cardiac surgery and cardio-pulmonary bypass on human immune system.- Discussion (moderator D. Laurant).- 17. Susceptibility to infections related toextracorporeal circulation: sources of infection, granulocyte function and immunoglobulins.- Discussion (moderator D. Laurant).- 18. Protein denaturation and the effect of heparin during extracorporeal circulation.- Discussion (moderator D. Laurant).- Condensation of general discussion.- List of participants.
