The primary aim of this volume is to make the chemist familiar with the numerous stationary phases and column types, with their advantages and disadvantages, to help in the selection of the most suitable phase for the type of analytes under study. The book also provides detailed information on the chemical structure, physico-chemical behaviour, experimental applicability, physical data of liquid and solid stationary phases and solid supports. Such data were previously scattered throughout the literature. To understand the processes occurring in the separation column and to offer a manual both to the beginner and to the experienced chromatographer, one chapter is devoted to the basic theoretical aspects. Further, as the effectiveness of the stationary phase can only be considered in relation to the column type, a chapter on different column types and the arrangement of the stationary phase within the column is included.The secondary aim of this book is to stimulate the development of new and improved standardized stationary phases and columns, in order to improve the reproducibility of separations, as well as the range of applications.
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Elsevier Science & Techn.
ISBN-13
978-0-08-085855-5 (9780080858555)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1. Introduction. 2. Basic Concepts. Basic components of a gas chromatographic system. Raw data measured from the chromatogram. Derived basic chromatographic parameters. Flow of gases in a gas chromatographic column and formation of bands. Thermodynamic bases of gas chromatography. The quality of chromatographic separation. The time of analysis. Definition of symbols used and list of essential relationships. 3. The Chromatographic Column. Packed columns. Micro-packed columns. Open-tubular columns. Properties and comparison of the main column types. 4. Characterization of Stationary Phases. Intermolecular forces. Quantities for the description of interactions. 5. Solid Stationary Phases. Classification of adsorbents. Carbon adsorbents. Boron nitride and molybdenum disulphide. Adsorbents with hydroxylated and dehydroxylated surfaces. Porous organic polymers. Substances forming inclusion compounds. Modified adsorbents. 6. Chemically Bonded Stationary Phases. Adsorbents for bonding reactions. Bonding reactions. Properties and characterization of chemically bonded phases. Outlook and prospects for chemically bonded phases. 7. The Solid Support. The particle size and shape. The surface area. Activity of the original and of the coated solid support. Diatomite supports. Synthetic silica-based supports (Volaspher and quartz). Silica gel. Micro glass beads and porous layer beads. Fluorocarbon supports. Other support materials. 8. Liquid Stationary Phases. General properties of liquid stationary phases. Hydrocarbons. Silicones. Alcohols, ethers and carbohydrates. Esters. Nitriles and nitrile ethers. Nitro compounds. Amines. Amides. Heterocyclics. Sulphur compounds. Fluorine compounds. Fatty acids and their salts. Salts. Chiral stationary phases. Liquid crystals. Mixed stationary phases. 9. Selection of Stationary Phases. General recommendations for choosing a suitable stationary phase. Choosing stationary phases for special separation problems with regard to the desired selectivity. Preferred stationary phases. Approaches to stationary phase selection. Literature. Indexes.
