
Guide to Paediatric Drug Development and Clinical Research
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Inhalt
- Cover
- Contents
- Introduction
- The Editors
- Authors' Addresses
- The Global Framework of Paediatric Drug Development
- Europe and the Path to Better Medicines for Children
- References
- European Union Paediatric Regulation: Theory and Practice
- Background
- The EMA Paediatrics Committee
- The EU Paediatric Regulation in Practice
- Conclusion
- United States Paediatric Legislation Impact on Paediatric Drug Studies
- References
- Facilitation of Paediatric Research in Japan
- Japan and the Rest of the World
- Current Status of Extemporaneous, Off-Labeland Unlicensed Use of Drugs in Japanese Children
- Guidance and Notifications for Paediatric Drug Developments
- Recent Government Efforts to Facilitate Drug Development in Japan
- Government Efforts to Promote Clinical Trials in Japan
- Activity of the Japan Paediatric Society in Promoting Paediatric Drug Development
- Pharmaceutical Industry Efforts to Promote Clinical Trials in Japan
- Prospect for the Near Future
- References
- Ethical Imperatives in Medical Research on Child Subjects - Reflections of a Past President of the World Medical Association
- Historical Outline
- Current Protection
- Reluctance to Be Involved
- Seven Ethical Pillars of Clinical Research
- Patient Autonomy
- Scientific Necessity
- Relative Autonomy
- Beneficence/Non-Malfeasance
- Fidelity - Duty of Care
- Confidentiality
- Beneficence
- Appendix - Note
- References
- Paediatric Clinical Research: The Patients' Perspective
- Research Involving Children
- Increased Awareness of Childhood Diseases and Paediatric Research
- Keeping Up to Date
- Tradition and Mindsets Coming Together
- Social Solidarity
- Difficult Choices
- From Hierarchy to Partnership
- Patient Organisations as a Resource
- Importance of Personalized Medicine and Long-Term Follow-Up
- Conclusions
- References
- Providing Global Access to Essential Medicines for Children - The WHO Better Medicines for Children Programme
- Children's Access to Medicines - A Global Problem
- The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children
- The WHO Better Medicines for Children Program
- Paediatric Formulations
- Modelling Existing Data for the Development of Paediatric Medicines for Priority Diseases
- Development, Harmonization and Use of Standards for Clinical Trials of Medicines for Children
- References
- Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology
- Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology: From Bench to Bedside
- Academic and Clinical Pharmacology
- Multidisciplinary Role of Academic and Clinical Pharmacologists
- Pharmacogenetics
- Population Pharmacokinetics
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
- References
- Role of Clinical Pharmacology in the Development of Paediatric Clinical Development Plans
- A Two-Step Model for the Paediatric Clinical Development Plan
- Adding the Paediatric Bridging Element to the Two-Step Model
- Paediatric Bridging and Regulatory Guidance/Guideline
- Challenges and Future Directions in Paediatric Drug Development
- Conclusions
- References
- Practical and Ethical Challenges
- Guide through the EMA Paediatric Website
- Paediatric Homework: Paediatric Investigation Plan Key Elements
- Paediatric Homework
- Paediatric Scientific Advice and Pre-Submission Meetings
- PIP Submission
- PIP Negotiation
- PIP Modification
- PIP Execution
- Compliance Check
- EMA and FDA
- Additional Channels of Communication
- Conclusions
- Ethics in Paediatric Research: Three Years after the Introduction of the European Regulation
- Informed Consent/Assent
- Benefit/Risks
- Role of Ethics Committees
- What Do We Need?
- Clinical Trials Networking
- Conclusion
- References
- Consent and Assent in Paediatric Clinical Trials
- Framework of Paediatric Consent
- Parents (or Legal Guardian)
- Child Assent
- Vulnerability of Children and Parents
- The Forms
- Documentation of the Process
- Practical Matters for the Role of Sponsors in Paediatric Consent
- Conclusions
- References
- Study and Protocol Design for Paediatric Patients of Different Ages
- Introduction
- Study Population
- Study Design
- Endpoints
- Dosing Rationale
- Data Analysis and Statistical Considerations
- Conclusions
- References
- Points to Consider when Planning the Collection of Blood or Tissue Samples in Clinical Trials of Investigational Medicinal Products in Children, Infants and Neonates
- Background
- Paediatric and Neonatal Blood Sampling
- Additional Considerations for Neonatal Blood Sampling
- Tissue Sampling
- References
- General and Specific Scientific Challenges
- What Constitutes Adequate Strength of Evidence?
- Different Types of Problems
- Arguments to Randomise
- Levels of Evidence and Cases where We Might Not Randomise
- Conclusions
- References
- Paediatric Formulations
- Drug Administration Routes
- Manipulation of Adult Dosage Forms
- Neonates Specificity: Administration Routes, Dosage Forms and Excipients
- Enabling Formulations for Clinical Trials and for the Future
- Conclusion
- References
- The Future of Oral Paediatric Formulations
- Emerging Concepts
- ElixSure
- SIP Technology
- Parvulet
- Automated Magisterial Formulation Device for Paediatric Use
- Conclusion
- Paediatric Pharmacovigilance in Clinical Research and Drug Development
- Safety and Age Appropriate Formulation
- Efficacy, Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics in Paediatric Pharmacovigilance
- Pre-Authorization Paediatric Pharmacovigilance
- Post-Marketing Paediatric Pharmacovigilance
- Signal Detection
- Risk Management Plans
- Risk Minimisation Measures
- Conclusion
- References
- Role of Non-Clinical Safety Assessment in Paediatric Drug Development
- Regulatory Guidance of Non-Clinical Safety Evaluations of Paediatric Drug Products
- Key Considerations Determining the Need/Design of a Juvenile Animal Toxicity Study
- Conduct of a Juvenile Animal Toxicity Study
- Experiences with Juvenile Animal Studies
- What Is the Value of Juvenile Animal Studies?
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Paediatric Critical Care
- The PICU Clinical Research Team
- CONSORT Statements and Registration of Clinical Trails
- Development of Drugs for Use in the PICU - Application of Preclinical and Adult Trials
- Working with Sponsors - Developing a Study Protocol, Investigator Meetings, and Data Safety Monitoring Boards
- Working with Regulatory Authorities - Selecting a Patient Population, Dosing, Use of Placebo, and Outcome Variables
- Issues of Informed Consent and Assent
- Challenges of Multi-Center Trials and PICU Clinical Research Networks
- Case Studies of Clinical Trials in the PICU: Activated Protein C in Severe Sepsis
- Conclusions
- References
- Disease-Specific Challenges
- Research and Drug Development in Paediatric Oncology
- Present Status and Future Challenges
- Conclusions
- References
- Paediatric Cancer Treatment in Africa
- Challenges
- Way Forward
- Research
- Conclusion
- References
- Paediatric Clinical Research in Immunology and Inflammation
- Unmet Needs in Children
- Developmental Challenges
- Outlook
- References
- Clinical Trials of Anti-Infective Agents in Paediatrics
- General Principles
- Issues to Consider when Conducting Paediatric Studies
- Type of Studies
- Future Directions
- References
- Obesity in Children
- Definition and Epidemiology
- Medical and Psychological Sequelae
- Risk Factors
- Prevention
- Outlook
- Note Added in Proof
- References
- Familial Dyslipidaemia in Children
- Familial Hypercholesterolaemia
- Other Familial Dyslipidaemias
- Conclusions
- References
- Paediatric Anti-Hypertensive Clinical Trials and Various Factors Influencing Trial Success or Failure
- Paediatric Anti-Hypertensive Clinical Trial Design
- Clinical Efficacy Studies
- Conclusion
- References
- Paediatric Vaccination Trials
- Characteristics of Vaccine Development
- Regulations for Paediatric Vaccine Clinical Development
- Special Considerations in Paediatric Vaccines Clinical Development
- References
- Future of the Paediatric Pharmaceutical Market
- Future of the Paediatric Pharmaceutical Market
- Author Index
- Subject Index
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