Cells and Tissues

PrefaceChapter 1 Why Study Histology? Further ReadingChapter 2 The Techniques Available Introduction Dimensions The Light Microscope The Design of the Microscope Magnification and Resolution The Use of the Light Microscope The Preparation of Tissues for Microscopy Fixation, Embedding and Sectioning Staining the Section The Limitations of Conventional Techniques of Microscopy The Tissue is Dead The Stains are Non-Specific Few Chemicals Survive the Preparative Techniques A Section is Only Two-Dimensional The Section is Static and Unchanging The Resolution is Limited Collecting Information is Difficult Back to Earth Further ReadingChapter 3 The Anatomy of the Cell Introduction The Cell Membrane Freeze Fracture The Glycocalyx The Nucleus The Nuclear Membrane Chromatin The Cytoplasm Energy Production Synthetic Activity Absorption The Cell Skeleton Storage within the Cell Linking Cell Structure to Function The Fibroblast The Macrophage The Unknown Cell Further Reading References Chapter 4 Epithelia: The Body's Limits Introduction Definitions Features Common to All Epithelia The Recognition of Epithelia The Organization of Glands Contacts between Epithelial Cells The Junctional Complex The Gap Junction The Classification of Epithelia A Look at Particular Epithelia The Small Intestine The Pancreas The Bronchus The Urinary Bladder The Oesophagus The Skin Summary Further Reading References Chapter 5 Connective Tissue: The Spaces In Between Introduction The Extracellular Fluid Renewal of the Extracellular Fluid Removal of Proteins from the Extracellular Fluid The Cells of Connective Tissue Fibroblasts Macrophages Fat Cells Mast Cells Extracellular Materials of Connective Tissue Collagen Fibres Elastic Fibres Glycosaminoglycans Summary Further ReadingChapter 6 How to Look at a Section Introduction The Sequence of Observations Examining a Section Structure and Function in Skin The Epidermis The Dermis Summary of the Functions of Skin Review of Progress Further Reading Chapter 7 The Blood Introduction Blood Plasma The Cells of the Blood Erythrocytes Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes Platelets The Blood Summarized Exchange between Blood and Tissues Capillaries Sinusoids Exchanging Vessels and Connective Tissue The Effects of Damage to Endothelial Cells Further Reading Chapter 8 Immunity against Foreign Material Introduction The Removal of Proteins from the Extracellular Space The Transport of Lymph The Filtering of the Lymph The Fate of Foreign Proteins in the Tissues Lymphocytes The Immune Responses The Secondary Response to Soluble Antigens The Secondary Response to Cell-Bound Antigens The Primary Immune Response Lymphocytes and Lymphoid Tissue The Life Histories of Lymphocytes The Organization of Lymphoid Tissue The Immune System throughout Life Further ReadingChapter 9 Contraction and Muscle Introduction The Major Proteins of Contraction Movement in Non-Muscle Cells Patterns of Movement The Varying Patterns of Actin A Moving Cell Becomes Stationary Muscle Cells Smooth Muscle The Organization of Smooth Mus