Analytical Chemistry, Volume 38: Ion Exchange in Analytical Chemistry provides a broad survey of the important role that ion exchange can and should play in chemical analysis. This book focuses on the plate-equilibrium theory of chromatography, which is less difficult theoretically than the mass-transfer theory. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the earliest recorded application of ion exchange. This text then examines how high temperature affects ion-exchange resins. Other chapters consider the exchange of ions between a solid ion-exchanging material and a solution, which is a typically reversible reaction. This book describes as well the relatively simple separations and other applications of ion exchange to analytical chemistry. The final chapter deals with the interesting nature of the metal complexes formed within the exchanger and describe the use of ion-exchange distribution studies to determine the stability and nature of complexes existing in the solution. This book is a valuable resource for analytical chemists.
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Verlagsort
ISBN-13
978-1-4831-8651-1 (9781483186511)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
PrefaceChapter 1 Introduction A. History of Ion Exchange B. Synthesis of Ion-Exchange Resins I. Synthesis of Cation-Exchange Resins II. Synthesis of Anion-Exchange Resins III. Polyfunctionality of Polystyrene Resins C. List of Ion-Exchange Resins ReferencesChapter 2 General Properties of Ion-exchange Resins A. Stability I. Thermal Stability II. Resistance to Reagents III. Resistance to Radiation IV. Mechanical Stability B. Equivalence of Exchange Reactions C. Reversibility of Ion-Exchange Reactions D. Conversion of the Resin from One Form to Another E. Titration Curves and Capacity I. Procedure for the Titration of a Resin II. Procedure for the Determination of Capacity F. Crosslinking and Swelling I. Measurement of Swelling II. Flotation Test for Uniformity of Crosslinking G. Donnan Equilibrium I. Sulphonated Polystyrene Resins II. Measurement of Donnan Invasion III. Strong-Base Anion-Exchange Resins H. Absorption of Nonelectrolytes I. Absorption or Adsorption I. Catalysis by Ion-Exchange Resins ReferencesChapter 3 Ion-Exchange Equilibrium A. The Equilibrium Distribution I. The Selectivity Coefficient II. Partition Ratios III. Electroselectivity B. Thermodynamics of Ion Exchange I. The Equilibrium Constant II. Enthalpy and Entropy C. Ionic Selectivity I. Experimental Data II. Theoretical Treatment III. Resins as Nonaqueous Solvents D. Experimental Methods I. Shaking II. Tracer-Pulse and Concentration-Pulse Methods ReferencesChapter 4 Ion-exchange Kinetics A. The Rate-Controlling Step B. Experimental Methods I. Shallow-Bed Method II. Limited-Bath Method III. Indicator Method C. Conditions that Influence the Rate I. Particle Size II. Diffusion Coefficient Inside the Resin III. Diffusion Coefficient in the Aqueous Film IV. Stirring V. Concentration of the Solution ReferencesChapter 5 Nonchromatographic Applications A. Preparation, Care, and Use of an Ion-Exchange Column I. The Tube II. The Resin B. Preparation and Purification of Reagents I. Deionization II. Miscellaneous Ion-Exchange Methods for the Preparation and Purification of Reagents C. Removal of Interfering Constituents I. Removal of Interfering Cations II. Removal of Interfering Anions III. Miscellaneous Analytical Separations D. Determination of Total Salt I. Sources of Error II. Applications E. Dissolving Insoluble Salts I. Applications F. Concentrating Trace Constituents I. From Solutions Containing no Electrolyte in Large Concentration II. From Solutions Containing Large Concentrations of Electrolytes III. Microqualitative Spot Tests ReferencesChapter 6 Theory of Ion-exchange Chromatography A. Subdivisions of Ion-Exchange Chromatography I. Ion-Exchange Elution Chromatography II. Ion-Exchange Frontal Chromatography III. Ion-Exchange Displacement Chromatography IV. Relative Advantages of the Three Methods B. Importance of Theoretical Considerations C. Plate Theory of Ion-Exchange Elution Chromatography I. History of the Plate Theory II. Assumptions of the Plate Theory III. Equation for the Peak Volume of an Elution Curve IV. Effect of Concentration of Eluent V. Effect of pH of Eluent VI. Effect of Complexing Agents in the Eluent VII. Equation of the Elution Curve VIII. Calculation of U* if the Eluent is Changed during the Elution IX. Width of Elution Curves X.
