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Machine Learning Concept-Based IoT Platforms for Smart Cities' Implementation and Requirements

M. Saravanan1*, J. Ajayan2, R. Maheswar3, Eswaran Parthasarathy4 and K. Sumathi5

1Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

2SR University Warangal, Telangana, India

3School of EEE, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, India

4SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India

5Sri Krishna College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract

In developing countries, smart cities are a challenge due to the exponential rise in population. With the rise in demand and availability for goods and facilities, it is now one of the world's most dynamic networks. Intelligent machines are crucial in the construction of critical infrastructure and smart cities in this new age. The increase in population has created new opportunities for smart city management and administration. In the smart city model, information and communication technology (ICT) plays a vital role in policy formulation, decision-making, implementation, and, finally, effective resource allocation. The study's key objective is to explore the role of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep reinforcement learning in the evolution of cities. Rapid advancements in computing and hardware, as well as high-speed internet connectivity, have enabled large amounts of data to be transmitted into the physical world.

Keywords: Smart city, process management, sewage treatment plan (STP), neural networks, control centers, cloud storage

1.1 Introduction

The idea of smart cities is the concept applied to the programs that uses the digital and the ICT-based innovation to increase the urban infrastructure quality and create the new economic and the prospect in the cities, and more is focused in the need of gaining the cost of the smart cities that are the distributed through all sectors with in the society emergence of the smart city projects around the world, such as analyzing the distributional impact of the individuals of the earth and the locations. The concept of smart city in the technical manner which will lead to debate the smart city varies across the countries according to the geopolitics; it implies more advanced and the necessary need to develop the city to both economically stable and more pollution-free concept. Initiatives that use the digital innovation with properly document are commitment of smart cities to enhancing the people's lives while providing the sectoral and the multi-sectoral solutions to some of the most common urban challenges; stack-holders' involvement in the local government and the strategic collaborations to improve the public engagement is maximized in private sectors positions in decision-making, and other benefits of the public access experimentation on open data with the interstate connectivity combined with the public and private people collaboration. Different regions of the world managed to establish their own smart city architecture in different manners also with approach of same belief [1]. The operable concept is complex for new setup process of the related to the increase in population to contribute in the development of technology with the social and political and the economy growth. The data that generated smart city concept are included in the networking application to monitor the application of various constrains like water monitoring and environment monitoring. Urban local bodies in particular for management service providers would be a crucial factor in evaluating the progress of smart cities mainly in India. Implementation approach will be consulted with pervious established architecture already present in various region of the globe. The well-developed cities like Singapore and Dubai UAE have the well-integrated business models, and the creative local collaborations will resolve the problems to get faced in India in nearly future [1]. In order to manage the data intelligently, IoT requires data to either represent improved customer services or optimize the effectiveness of the IoT system. In this way, applications should be able to access raw data across the network from different resources and evaluate this data to extract information.

Figure 1.1 Bhubaneswar smart city structure.

1.2 Smart City Structure in India

1.2.1 Bhubaneswar City

In India, Bhubaneswar has the best infrastructural setup of smart city project. It is the city where center of economic and having more religious importance in Eastern part of India. Consistently, this city has proved its efficiency in assessment among top smart city around the globe. It plays vital role in digital communication with advanced technologies. Figure 1.1 shows the Bhubaneswar smart city structure. This project included with construction engineering and green and park areas with road and development accessibility and slum accommodation.

1.2.1.1 Specifications

For government entities smart city specifications are, technology for the traffic, parking, emergency response, and emergency control, digitalized payment services via command payment methods schema capital of business planning and e-governance in this smart project [2].

1.2.1.2 Healthcare and Mobility Services

The smart city's primary focus is more on the child and elderly friendly option. Most of the homeless camp, however, defecate in the open. In an integrated safe urban transport scheme, several positive measures have been taken, including low carbon mobility program, and the e-rickshaws are introduced to reduce the carbon emission in environment and also to control the pollution-free society [2]. It is still in the planning stage, and a variety of commuters are debating that it is continuous to have the poor transport facilities.

1.2.1.3 Productivity

Few centers for the skill development and the microbusiness incubators have also been developed. Most of these projects are small. Despite of that nearly 85 lakhs are unemployed in the year 2018, the rate of unemployment has soared to 6.77 from the past year percent of 4.7. In the first quarter of 2018, this state has ranked as the 7th among the state in India. In Bhubaneswar, there are 565 buses are linking the 67 wards with the help of the IT-backend support options the e-mobility attempt to update and develop the service under the Atal mission.

1.2.2 Smart City in Pune

Vision of smart city in Pune is to redesign its streets and roads and its equal for all people. Pune Smart City overview is shown in Figure 1.2. Design of the city is based upon the universal accessibility for the elderly and physically challenged and increased focus on the pedestrians, modern world infrastructure through the creation of appropriate arrangements for underground utilities [3]. Allocation is mainly to motorized traffic, continuous excavation of roads, and weak pedestrian crossing for layout facilities.

Figure 1.2 Pune smart city overview.

1.2.2.1 Specifications

This city has been developed to create an overall master plan based on a patented econometric model that will make Pune fit for the future up to 2030 comprehensive infrastructure specifications that have been completed for the next 5 years. It aims at a comprehensive range of urban options, including job opportunities creation, socio-economic growth, and beyond infrastructure and habitability [4].

1.2.2.2 Transport and Mobility

Real monitoring system of the live ongoing buses in the city is to track the location of different locations. Smart bus stops with the public information systems. This live tracking of the buses is availed through the mobile app by the people in this eco system. Around 319 signals are present in the city where the pedestrian right get the way for the emergency response system [4]. Also, advanced traffic management system by using the CCTV and the mobile GPS-based traffic system analysis is similar to Google live traffic system and intelligent road asset management system to help all.

1.2.2.3 Water and Sewage Management

New advanced technologies for water management are introduced in the smart bulk meters with the SCADA, for the commercial establishment; it used for the domestic households through the campaign along with a revised telescopic traffic.

1.3 Status of Smart Cities in India

According to the report the government of India has planned to launch 100 smart city missions (SCMs). These cities are able to provide decent roads, to build housing for everyone in the city, and also to create green spaces. Five years back, a substantial portion of the capital earmarked was no spent. A single network is yet to be completed by many smart cities. Actually, the project initial proposed for smart city was around 5,151 projects but only 3,629 have been actively pursued. In those number, only 25% of the projects are only have been completed [6]. But in the terms of value, the proportion of work done is just 11% of the total.

1.3.1 Funding Process by Government

Over 5 years, the central government has allocated Rs 48,000 crore to the mission. That amounts to an average of Rs 96 crore per city per year, maybe enough in many cities to create a sewage drain. An equivalent amount would have to be contributed by the states and urban local bodies of amount 96 crore....