Free Radicals in Biology, Volume IV reviews diverse topics in free radical biology and covers topics ranging from radiation biology to lipid peroxidation, radical-mediated liver pathology, and chemical carcinogenesis. Radical mechanisms in prostaglandin biochemistry are also discussed, along with the use of electron spin resonance and spin trap methods to probe mechanisms of radical reactions in biological systems. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the mechanisms of lipid peroxidation, focusing on the chemistry of fluorescent products from in vivo lipid peroxidation; the production of pentane in the expired breath of animals exposed to oxidative threats; and the chemistry of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. The next chapter is devoted to the kinetic aspects of lipid peroxidation and the multiple ways in which autoxidants can react. The reader is then introduced to the mechanisms of hepatoxicity by synthetic chemicals present in the environment, together with direct mechanisms of radiation damage to nucleic acids. Subsequent chapters deal with spin trapping in biological systems; the role of free radicals in arylamine carcinogenesis and their influence on the structure and reactivity of melanins; and the involvement of vitamin ? and lipid antioxidants in free-radical-initiated reactions. This book will be of value to chemists, biologists, and physicians.
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Elsevier Science & Techn.
ISBN-13
978-0-323-15372-0 (9780323153720)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
List of ContributorsGeneral PrefacePreface to Volume IVContents of Other VolumesChapter 1 Measurement of and Protection from in Vivo Lipid Peroxidation I. Introduction II. Fluorescent Products as a Measure of Lipid Peroxidation III. Pentane in Breath as a Measure of in Vivo Lipid Peroxidation IV. Selenium-Glutathione Peroxidase in Protection against in Vivo Lipid Peroxidation ReferencesChapter 2 Free-Radical Damage in Liver I. Introduction II. Criteria to Define Liver Injury by a Free-Radical Mechanism III. CCl4: Model Free-Radical Hepatotoxin IV. Halothane: Potential Free-Radical Hepatotoxin V. Nonhalogenated Xenobiotics: Probable, Possible, and Proposed Free-Radical Hepatotoxins VI. Summary ReferencesChapter 3 Free-Radical Damages of Nucleic Acids and Their Components: The Direct Absorption of Energy I. Introduction II. Initial Radical Products III. Reactions of Initial Products and Identification of Secondary Products IV. Effects of Conditions V. Interactions between Neighbors ReferencesChapter 4 A Critical Review of Spin Trapping in Biological Systems I. Direct Detection of Free Radicals and Radical Ions II. Indirect Methods of Detecting Free Radicals "Classical Reactions III. Spin Trapping: An Indirect esr Method of Detecting Free Radicals IV. Spin Trapping in Biological Systems Addendum ReferencesChapter 5 Production of Radicals from Enzyme Systems and the Use of Spin Traps I. Introduction II. Spin-Trapping Studies of Phagocytizing Mixed Leukocytes III. Spin Trapping of Radicals Formed during the Metabolism of Halocarbons by Liver Microsomes IV. Spin Trapping of Radicals Formed during the Activity of the Xanthine Oxidase System V. Spin Trapping of a Radical Formed during the Activity of the Lipoxygenase System VI. Formation of Spin Adducts in Other Biological Systems VII. In Vivo Spin Trapping of the Trichloromethyl Radical VIII. Concluding Remarks ReferencesChapter 6 Free Radicals in Arylamine Carcinogenesis I. Free Radicals and Cancer: Overview II. Antioxidant-Induced Decrease in Cancer Development III. Chemistry of Activation of 2-Acetylaminofluorene IV. Free Radicals in Acetylaminofluorene Activation V. Reexamination of the Peroxidase-Hydroperoxide Activation of N-OH-AAF VI. Do Endogenous Peroxidases Activate N-OH-AAF? VII. Covalent Binding of 2-Nitrosofluorene to Unsaturated Membrane Lipids VIII. Relevance of the Nitrosofluorene-Lipid Complex to Carcinogenesis IX. Spin Trapping and Carcinogenesis X. Summary and Perspective for Future Work ReferencesChapter 7 Structure and Reactivity of Melanins: Influence of Free Radicals and Metal Ions I. Introduction II. General Properties of Melanins III. Intrinsic Free Radicals IV. Interaction with Metal Ions V. Interaction with Light VI. Other Chemical Reactions VII. Role of Solvent and Motional Effects VIII. Biomedical Applications IX. Concluding Remarks ReferencesChapter 8 Prostaglandin Endoperoxides I. Introduction II. Biosynthesis III. Endoperoxide Syntheses IV. Reactions of Endoperoxides V. Biological Conversions of Prostaglandin Endoperoxides ReferencesChapter 9 Vitamin ¿ and Lipid Antioxidants in Free-Radical-Initiated Reactions I. Introduction II. Multilevel Control of Free Radicals III. Vitamin E, Antioxidants, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids IV. Quantitative Aspects of the Vitamin E-PUFA Relationship V. Fads, Fancies, and Facts Regarding Vitamin ¿ VI. Summary ReferencesChapter 10 Stable Radiation-Induced Paramagnetic Entities in Tissue Mineral and Their Use in Calcified Tissue Research I. Introduction II. Origin of Radiation-Induced Defects in Tissue Mineral III. Application of the Stable Radiation-Induced Paramagnetic Centers in Studies on Mineralizing Tissues IV.
