Potential Benefits of Integration of Environmental and Economic Policies
An incentive-based approach to policy integration
Kluwer Law International (Verlag)
Erschienen am 1. Januar 2001
448 Seiten
978-90-411-7772-8 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
With a Preface by Mr. Y. Paleokrassas, European Commissioner for the Environment, this work, copublished with the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, indicates how environmental sustainability can be achieved in ways which support economic development and employment. It demonstrates the quantitative implications of policy choices and shows what mix of policies will be needed if employment prospects are to be increased while environmental assets are conserved. Among policy options examined are various fiscal measures including increases in energy taxes and higher charges for water: these and other major policy choices are analysed in the light of their impact on economic and environmental models within the European Union to deduce what the economic--environmental future would be like if particular policy choices are pursued.
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The Potential Benefits of Integration of Environmental and Economic Policies:An Incentive Based Approach to Policy Integration
An incentive-based approach to policy integration
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01/2001
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Inhalt
- Cover
- Half Title Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- PREFACE
- INTRODUCTION
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- THE CHALLENGE
- THE APPROACH
- THE FINDINGS MACRO-ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
- VALIDITY OF THE RESULTS
- NEXT STEPS
- 1. OBJECTIVES AND CONTENTS OF THE STUDY
- 2. SCENARIO DEFINITION
- 2.1 THE REFERENCE SCENARIO (REF)
- 2.2 THE POLICY-IN-THE-PIPELINE SCENARIO (PIP)
- 2.3 THE INTEGRATED SCENARIO (lNT)
- 3. THE BENEFITS OF INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL/ECONOMIC POLICIES
- 3.1 ECONOMY-WIDE EFFECTS: A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY
- 3.2 MICROECONOMIC EFFECTS: COST EFFECTIVENESS ACROSS SECTORS
- 4. ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE POLICY SCENARIOS
- 4.1 KEY RESULTS
- 4.2 ECONOMIC OUTLOOK IN THE REFERENCE (REF) SCENARIO
- 4.3 SCENARIO DEFINITION
- 4.4 SCENARIO ANALYSIS
- 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 KEY RESULTS
- 5.3 CLIMATE CHANGE
- 5.4 ACIDIFICATION AND AIR QUALITY
- 5.5 TOXIC SUBSTANCES
- 5.6 NATURE AND BIODIVERSITY
- 5.7 WATER QUALITY
- 5.8 WATER RESOURCES
- 5.9 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
- 5.10 URBAN ENVIRONMENT
- 5.11 COASTAL ZONES
- 6. ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY SECTOR
- 6.1 KEY RESULTS
- 6.2 BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE SCENARIO (REF)
- 6.3 DEFINITION OF THE PIP AND INT SCENARIOS FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR
- 6.4 ENERGY PRICE OUTLOOK UNDER PIP AND INT
- 6.5 ENERGY DEMAND OUTLOOK
- 6.6 IMPLICATIONS OF PIP AND INT FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR
- 6.7 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON NUCLEAR AND RENEWABLE CHARGE IN INT
- 6.8 CONCLUSIONS FROM THE PIP AND INT SCENARIOS
- APPENDIX 6.1 Cost-Effective Mechanisms for Reducing Environmental Damage
- APPENDIX 6.2 Integrated Resource Planning and Demand-Side Management (DSM)
- REFERENCES
- 7. ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSPORT SECTOR
- 7.1 KEY RESULTS
- 7.2 BACKGROUND AND REF SCENARIO
- 7.3 SCENARIO DEFINITION
- 7.4 IMPLICATIONS OF PIP AND INT SCENARIOS FOR TRANSPORT DEMAND
- 8. ANALYSIS OF THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
- 8.1 KEY RESULTS
- 8.2 BACKGROUND AND REF SCENARIO
- 8.3 SCENARIO DEFINITION
- 8.4 COMPARISON OF THE OUTLOOK FOR MANUFACTURING IN THE PIP AND INT SCENARIOS
- 8.5 OUTLOOK FOR ORES AND METALS UNDER THE PIP AND INT SCENARIOS
- 8.6 OUTLOOK FOR NON-METALLIC MINERALS UNDER THE PIP AND INT SCENARIOS
- 8.7 OUTLOOK FOR CHEMICALS UNDER THE PIP AND INT SCENARIOS
- 8.8 OUTLOOK FOR PULP AND PAPER UNDER THE PIP AND INT SCENARIOS
- 8.9 OUTLOOK FOR TEXTILES AND CLOTHING UNDER THE PIP AND INT SCENARIOS
- 8.10 OUTLOOK FOR TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT UNDER THE PIP AND INT SCENARIOS
- 8.11 OUTLOOK FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNDER THE PIP AND INT SCENARIOS
- 9. ANALYSIS OF THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR
- 9.1 KEY RESULTS
- 9.2 BACKGROUND AND REF SCENARIO
- 9.3 SCENARIO DEFINITION
- 9.4 IMPLICATIONS OF PIP AND INT FOR AGRICULTURE
- 9.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE UNDER PIP AND INT
- 10. ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM SECTOR
- 10.1 KEY RESULTS
- 10.2 BACKGROUND AND REF SCENARIO
- 10.3 SCENARIO DEFINITION
- 10.4 IMPLICATIONS OF PIP AND INT FOR TOURISM
- Annex I Country Reports
- 1. CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONOF ECONOMIC EFFECTS
- 2. GERMANY
- IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- ENERGY
- TRANSPORT
- MANUFACTURING
- AGRICULTURE
- TOURISM
- 3. SPAIN
- IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- ENERGY
- TRANSPORT
- MANUFACTURING
- AGRICULTURE
- TOURISM
- 4. FRANCE
- IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- ENERGY
- TRANSPORT
- MANUFACTURING
- AGRICULTURE
- TOURISM
- 5. ITALY
- IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- ENERGY
- TRANSPORT
- MANUFACTURING
- AGRICULTURE
- TOURISM
- 6. THE NETHERLANDS
- IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- ENERGY
- TRANSPORT
- MANUFACTURING
- AGRICULTURE
- TOURISM
- 7. UNITED KINGDOM
- IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- ENERGY
- TRANSPORT
- MANUFACTURING
- AGRICULTURE
- TOURISM
- APPENDIX Regional Impact of Agriculture
- Annex II Cost-effectiveness of Environmental Policy Instruments: Selected Case Studies for the 5EAP Target Sectors
- OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE ANALYSIS
- 1. GENERAL
- THE USEFULNESS OF TRADABLE POLLUTION PERMITS
- AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE REGULATORY APPROACHES IN THE UNITED STATES
- INCREASING SECTOR EFFICIENCY THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION: THE FINNISH CASE
- NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
- AN OVERVIEW OF ECONOMIC VALUATION METHODS
- 2. ENERGY
- EUROPEAN CARBON TAX AND AVERAGE DAMAGE COSTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS
- SOME EXTERNAL COSTS OF ENERGY USE: SUMMARY OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH
- THE EU/US STUDY ON THE EXTERNAL COSTS OF THE FUEL CYCLES
- AIR POLLUTION DAMAGES TO CROPS, BUILDING MATERIALS AND FORESTRY
- A COST-EFFECTIVE WAY TO REDUCE ACID RAIN
- INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLANNING AT ELECTRICITY UTILITIES
- INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH THE PROVISION OF INFORMATION
- BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CO-GENERATION OF HEAT AND POWER
- EXTERNAL COSTS OF NUCLEAR POWER
- THE SOCIAL COSTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
- 3. TRANSPORT
- EXTERNAL COSTS OF TRANSPORT
- THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF IMPROVED URBAN AIR QUALITY: THREE CASE STUDIES
- US VEHICLE EMISSION REDUCTION THROUGH TRADABLE PERMITS
- 4. MANUFACTURING
- WATER CHARGES IN THE NETHERLANDS
- A EUROPEAN SOLVENT TAX TO REDUCE VOC EMISSIONS
- DUTCH EXPERIENCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- ECO-MANAGEMENT AND AUDITING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
- A COMPARISON OF WASTE REDUCTION INSTRUMENTS
- THE GERMAN PACKAGE-WASTE-REDUCTION SCHEME
- REUSING AND RECYCLING COMPUTERS IN GERMANY
- 5. AGRICULTURE
- A STUDY ON THE FUTURE OF RURAL AREAS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
- RISING COSTS OF DRINKING WATER PRODUCTION DUE TO GROUNDWATER POLLUTION BY NITRATES
- THE SOCIAL BENEFITS OF REDUCING NORWEGIAN NUTRIENT LEACHING TO THE NORTH SEA
- THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF A PESTICIDE CHARGE IN THE NETHERLANDS
- THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF REDUCED AGRICULTURAL ASSISTANCE: THE CASE OF NEW ZEALAND
- 6. TOURISM
- RECREATIONAL BENEFITS OF WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
- RECREATIONAL AND AESTHETIC VALUE OF DUTCH FORESTS AND HEATHLANDS
- Annex III Detailed Assumptions for REF and PIP Scenarios
- 1 . INTRODUCTION
- 2. TARGETS AND ACTIONS PER THEME
- Annex IV Methodology The ORI Models
- List of Abbreviations
- Contributors
- Back Cover
