Biochemistry of Platelets

ContributorsPreface1. Stimulus-Response Coupling Mechanisms I. Introduction II. Experimental Strategies for Definition of Mechanisms of Stimulus-Response Coupling in Platelets III. Possible Coupling Mechanisms IV. Integration of Coupling Mechanisms References2. Platelet Arachidonate Metabolism and Platelet-Activating Factor I. Introduction II. Release of Arachidonate from Platelet Lipid Stores III. Pathways of Platelet Arachidonate Metabolism and Effects of Arachidonate Metabolites IV. Inhibition of Platelet Arachidonate Metabolism by Aspirin V. Platelet-Activating Factor References3. Platelet Contractile Proteins I. Introduction II. Properties of Platelet Contractile Proteins III. Methods of Studying Contractile Proteins within Platelets IV. Contractile Proteins in Unstimulated Platelets V. Contractile Proteins in Activated Platelets VI. Regulation of Activation-Induced Changes in Platelet Contractile Proteins VII. Association of Actin Filaments with Plasma Membranes VIII. Conclusions References4. Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins: Their Structure, Function, and Modification in Disease I. Introduction II. Identification of Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins III. Properties of the Major Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins IV. Abnormalities of Membrane Glycoproteins in Inherited Platelet Disorders References5. Expression and Function of Adhesive Proteins on the Platelet Surface I. Introduction II. Mechanisms for Platelet Surface Expression of the Adhesive Proteins III. Common Features of the Platelet Adhesive Proteins IV. Fibrinogen-Platelet Interactions V. Fibronectin-Platelet Interactions VI. Von Willebrand Factor-Platelet Interactions VII. Thrombospondin-Platelet Interactions VIII. Cell Surface Expression of the Adhesive Proteins: Common Features and Interrelationships IX. Summation References6. Storage Organelles in Platelets and Megakaryocytes I. Introduction II. Platelet Organelles III. Exocytosis IV. Platelet Granule Abnormalities References7. A Model for Assembly of Coagulation Factor Complexes on Cell Surfaces: Prothrombin Activation on Platelets I. Introduction II. Prothrombinase as a Model for Complex Formation in Coagulation Reactions III. Platelet-Binding Characteristics of Prothrombinase Complex Constituents IV. Role of Platelet Activation in Prothrombinase Complex Assembly and Function V. Cleavage of Factor V and Factor Va by Platelet-Associated Proteases and Factor Xa VI. Regulation of the Platelet-Bound Prothrombinase Complex VII. Summary: Utility of Model Systems References8. Platelet Regulation of Thrombus Formation I. Platelets and Activation of Coagulation II. Role of Platelets in Events Following Activation of Clotting III. Regulation of Platelet Thrombus Formation by Thrombin and the Fibrinolytic System IV. Unresolved Issues in Platelet Involvement in Blood Clotting References9. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor: Purification, Characterization, and Role in Normal and Abnormal Cell Growth I. Introduction II. Location of PDGF within Platelets III. Platelets May Contain Growth-Promoting Activity Other than PDGF IV. Properties of Purified PDGF V. Radioimmunoassay of PDGF VI. Specific Covalent Binding of Human Plasma a2-Macroglobulin to Human PDGF VII. PDGF Binds Specifically to the Surface of Target Cells VIII. PDGF Stimulates Tyrosine-Specific Protein Kinase Activity in Target Cells IX. Purification of the PDGF Receptor X. Common Kinase Substrates in Growth Factor-Stimulated and Tumor Virus-Transformed Cells XI. PDGF in Inflammatory and Repair Processes XII. PDGF and Atherosclerosis XIII. PDGF Effects on the Cell Cycle XIV. Relationship of PDGF to the Transforming Protein of the Simian Sarcoma Virus XV. Other Activities of PDGF XVI.