Introduction to Micrometeorology

Name: Introduction to Micrometeorology
Brand: Academic Press
Price: 91.95 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

S. Pal Arya Paul S. Arya(Autor*in)

James R. Holton(Herausgeber*in)

Academic Press

2. Auflage

Erschienen am 28. Mai 2014

447 Seiten

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978-0-08-048926-1 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Cover
Contents
Preface to Second Edition
Preface to First Edition
Symbols
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Scope of Micrometeorology
1.2 Micrometeorology versus Microclimatology
1.3 Importance and Applications of Micrometeorology
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 2. Energy Budget Near the Surface
2.1 Energy Fluxes at an Ideal Surface
2.2 Energy Balance Equations
2.3 Energy Budgets of Bare Surfaces
2.4 Energy Budgets of Canopies
2.5 Energy Budgets of Water Surfaces
2.6 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 3. Radiation Balance Near the Surface
3.1 Radiation Laws and Definitions
3.2 Shortwave Radiation
3.3 Longwave Radiation
3.4 Radiation Balance near the Surface
3.5 Observations of Radiation Balance
3.6 Radiative Flux Divergence
3.7 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 4. Soil Temperatures and Heat Transfer
4.1 Surface Temperature
4.2 Subsurface Temperatures
4.3 Thermal Properties of Soils
4.4 Theory of Soil Heat Transfer
4.5 Thermal Wave Propagation in Soils
4.6 Measurement and Parameterization of Ground Heat Flux
4.7 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 5. Air Temperature and Humidity in the PBL
5.1 Factors Influencing Air Temperature and Humidity
5.2 Basic Thermodynamic Relations and the Energy Equation
5.3 Local and Nonlocal Concepts of Static Stability
5.4 Mixed Layers, Mixing Layers and Inversions
5.5 Vertical Temperature and Humidity Profiles
5.6 Diurnal Variations
5.7 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 6. Wind Distribution in the PBL
6.1 Factors Influencing Wind Distribution
6.2 Geostrophic and Thermal Winds
6.3 Friction Effects on the Balance of Forces
6.4 Stability Effects on the PBL Winds
6.5 Observed Wind Profiles
6.6 Diurnal Variations
6.7 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 7 An Introduction to Viscous Flows
7.1 Inviscid and Viscous Flows
7.2 Laminar and Turbulent Flows
7.3 Navier-Stokes Equations of Motion
7.4 Laminar Plane-Parallel Flows
7.5 Laminar Ekman Layers
7.6 Developing Laminar Boundary Layers
7.7 Heat Transfer in Laminar Flows
7.8 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 8. Fundamentals of Turbulence
8.1 Instability of Flow and Transition to Turbulence
8.2 The Generation and Maintenance of Turbulence
8.3 General Characteristics of Turbulence
8.4 Mean and Fluctuating Variables
8.5 Variances and Turbulent Fluxes
8.6 Eddies and Scales of Motion
8.7 Fundamental Concepts, Hypotheses, and Theories
8.8 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 9. Models and Theories of Turbulence
9.1 Mathematical Models of Turbulent Flows
9.2 Gradient-transport Theories
9.3 Dimensional Analysis and Similarity Theories
9.4 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 10. Near-neutral Boundary Layers
10.1 Velocity-profile Laws
10.2 Surface Roughness Parameters
10.3 Surface Drag and Resistance Laws
10.4 Turbulence
10.5 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 11. Thermally Stratified Surface Layer
11.1 The Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory
11.2 Empirical Forms of Similarity Functions
11.3 Wind and Temperature Profiles
11.4 Drag and Heat Transfer Relations
11.5 Methods of Determining Momentum and Heat Fluxes
11.6 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 12. Evaporation from Homogeneous Surfaces
12.1 The Process of Evaporation
12.2 Potential Evaporation and Evapotranspiration
12.3 Modified Monin-Obukhov Similarity Relations
12.4 Micrometeorological Methods of Determining Evaporation
12.5 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 13. Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layers
13.1 Types of Atmospheric Boundary Layers
13.2 Similarity Theories of the PBL
13.3 Mathematical Models of the PBL
13.4 Parameterization of the PBL
13.5 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 14. Nonhomogeneous Boundary Layers
14.1 Types of Surface Inhomogeneities
14.2 Step Changes in Surface Roughness
14.3 Step Changes in Surface Temperature
14.4 Air Modifications over Water Surfaces
14.5 Air Modifications over Urban Areas
14.6 Building Wakes and Street Canyon Effects
14.7 Other Topographical Effects
14.8 Applications
Problems and Exercises
Chapter 15. Agricultural and Forest Micrometeorology
15.1 Flux-profile Relations above Plant Canopies
15.2 Radiation Balance within Plant Canopies
15.3 Wind Distribution in Plant Canopies
15.4 Temperature and Moisture Fields
15.5 Turbulence in and above Plant Canopies
15.6 Applications
Problems and Exercises
References
Index

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