Genetic Expression in the Cell Cycle

List of ContributorsPrefaceI. Structure and Function of the Eukaryotic Genome 1. Organization of Nucleosomes in Chromatin and Chromosomes in Eukaryotic Cells I. Introduction II. Hexagonal Bipartite Disk Structure of the Nucleosome III. The Conformation of DNA IV. Histone-Histone and DNA-Histone Interactions V. Histone HI and Alignment of Nucleosomes VI. Higher Order Packing VII. Interphase Chromatin and Metaphase Chromosomes VIII. Conclusion References 2. Cell Cycle Studies of Histone Acetylation and the Structure and Function of Chromatin I. Introduction II. Chromatin Structure III. Cell Cycle Studies of Histone Acetylation Using Physarum polycephalum as a Model System IV. Acetate Content of H4 in the Cell Cycle V. H4 Acetate Content Varies during the Cell Cycle VI. Acetate Turnover on H4 in the Cell Cycle VII. Histone Deacetylase Activity in the Cell Cycle VIII. Role of Histone Acetylation References 3. Role of HMG-Nucleosome Complexes in Eukaryotic Gene Activity I. Introduction II. Nucleosome Core Particles III. Characterization of the High Mobility Group Proteins IV. Fractionation and Characterization of Acetyltransferases V. Proposed Mechanisms of HMG-Induced RNA Transcription VI. Summary References 4. RNA Content and Chromatin Structure in Cycling and Noncycling Cell Populations Studied by Flow Cytometry I. Introduction II. RNA Content III. Chromatin Structure IV. Detection of the Discrete Cell Cycle Compartments Based on Differences in RNA Content and Chromatin Structure References 5. Nuclear Fluorescence and Chromatin Condensation of Mammalian Cells during the Cell Cycle with Special Reference to the d Phase I. Introduction II. The QDH Staining Method and Fluorescent Nuclear Patterns III. Fluorometric Measurements of QDH-Stained Nuclei from Synchronized IV. Fluorescence Patterns Resulting upon Release from Serum Block V. Correlation of PCC Morphology with QDH Staining Patterns VI. Applications of Cytologie Methods to the Analysis of Blocks Caused by Temperature-Sensitive Mutations VII. Discussion ReferencesII. Genetic Expression and Posttranscriptional Modifications 6. Stimulation of Transcription in Isolated Mammalian Nuclei by Specific Small Nuclear RNAs I. Introduction II. The Use of Isolated Nuclei for Assay of Regulatory Elements in Transcription III. Role of Loosely Bound Non-Histone Chromosomal Proteins and SnRNAs IV. Tissue and Species Specificity of SnRNAs V. Effect on RNA Polymerase II: Initiation and Sizing of RNA Transcripts VI. The Search for the Active SnRNA Subfraction VII. Implications and Prospects References 7. Transcription of rRNA Genes and Cell Cycle Regulation in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae I. Introduction II. Yeast as a Model Eukaryote III. Regulation of the Yeast Cell Cycle IV. Experimental Approach V. Discussion References 8. Posttranscriptional Regulation of Expression of the Gene for an Ammonium-lnducible Glutamate Dehydrogenase during the Cell Cycle of the Eukaryote Chlorella I. Introduction II. Ammonia and Light Requirement for Induction of NADP-GDH Antigen III. Turnover of NADP-GDH during Induction and Its Rapid Inactivation by Covalent Modification during Deinduction Period IV. Presence of NADP-GDH mRNA on Polysomes of Both Induced and Uninduced Cells V. Synthesis and Rapid Degradation of NADP-GDH Subunits in Uninduced Cells VI. Posttranscriptional Model for Induction of NADP-GDH Activity VII.