International Equilibrium and Bretton Woods

The late Jerzy Osiatynski was Professor of Economics at the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. He was Poland's Minister of Finance (1992-1993), Minister and Head of the Central Planning Office (1989-1991), Economic Advisor to the President (2010-2013), Member of the Monetary Policy Council (2013-2019), and was Fellow of the Committee for Economic Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences (2007-2010 and since 2020). His research interests focused on post-Keynesian economics, economic policy, public finance, and economic transformation. He was the editor of the six-volume Collected Works of Michal Kalecki in Polish (PWE, Warsaw, 1979-1988) and its seven-volume publication in English (Oxford University Press, 1990-1997). Jan Toporowski is Professor of Economics and Finance at SOAS University of London, and at International University College, Turin, Italy. He studied Economics at Birkbeck College, University of London, and the University of Birmingham. He has worked in fund management, international banking, central banking, and economic consultancy, and has advised governments, UN agencies, and professional associations on economic policy, debt management, and financial stability. Toporowski has written over 300 articles, books and papers on finance, monetary theory and macroeconomics, including two volumes of intellectual biography of Michal Kalecki.