The Renal System at a Glance

Preface to the fourth edition vii Introduction and how to use this book ix Abbreviations x Glossary xii Nomenclature xiv Normal values xv About the companion website xvii Part 1 Introduction 1 1 The kidney: structural overview 2 2 The kidney: functional overview 4 3 Development of the renal system 6 4 Clinical features of kidney disease 8 5 The kidney: laboratory investigations and diagnostic imaging 10 Part 2 Filtration and blood flow 13 6 Renal vascular biology 14 7 Glomerular filtration 16 8 Renal vascular disease 18 9 Erythropoietin and anemia in renal disease 20 Part 3 Sodium and water 23 10 Renal sodium handling 24 11 The kidney and water handling 26 12 Regulation of body sodium and body water 28 13 Disorders of sodium and water metabolism 30 14 Hyponatremia and hypernatremia 32 15 The edema states: sodium and water retention 34 Part 4 Potassium 37 16 Renal potassium handling 38 17 Regulation of potassium metabolism 40 18 Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia 42 Part 5 Acid-base 45 19 Renal acid-base and buffer concepts 46 20 Renal acid-base handling 48 21 Acid-base regulation and responses to acid-base disturbances 50 22 Clinical disorders of acid-base metabolism and metabolic acidosis 52 23 Metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis 54 24 Renal tubular acidosis 56 Part 6 Divalent ions - calcium, phosphate and magnesium 59 25 Calcium, phosphate, and magnesium metabolism 60 26 Regulation of divalent ions and disorders of phosphate and magnesium 62 27 Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia 64 Part 7 Drugs and genetic disorders 67 28 Drug and organic molecule handling by the kidney 68 29 Renal pharmacology: diuretics 70 30 Hereditary disorders of tubular transport 72 31 Polycystic kidney disease 74 Part 8 Glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease 77 32 Glomerular disease: an overview 78 33 Glomerular pathologies and their associated diseases 80 34 Specific diseases affecting the glomeruli 82 35 Proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome 84 36 Tubulointerstitial disease 86 Part 9 Systemic conditions and the renal system 89 37 Hypertension: causes and clinical evaluation 90 38 Hypertension: complications and therapy 92 39 Pregnancy and the renal system 94 40 Diabetes mellitus and the kidney 96 Part 10 Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease 99 41 Acute kidney injury: pathophysiology 100 42 Acute kidney injury: clinical aspects 102 43 Chronic kidney disease and kidney function in the elderly 104 44 Severe chronic kidney disease and renal bone disease 106 45 Severe chronic kidney disease: clinical complications and their management 108 46 Treatment of kidney failure with dialysis 110 47 Peritoneal dialysis and continuous hemofiltration 112 48 Renal transplantation 114 49 Global kidney medicine 116 Part 11 Stones, infection and cancer 119 50 Urinary tract infection 120 51 Urinary tract stones 122 52 Urinary tract cancer 124 Case studies and questions 126 Answers 129 Index 133