
EU Competition Law and Regulation in the Converging Telecommunications, Media and IT Sectors
Beschreibung
EU telecommunications policy as revealed in liberalization and harmonization legislative measures;
the EU electronic communications framework;
case law covering issues of refusal to supply and the essential facilities doctrine;
application of Article 82 EC to bottlenecks;
specific types of an undertakings unilateral behaviour that may often occupy NRAs and competition authorities in the context of their ex post competition law investigations under Article 82 EC;
strategic alliances and mergers in the move toward multimedia;
access to premium content and the emergence of new media;
the scope of content regulation in the online environment; and
broadband (regulation of local loop unbundling and bitstream access).
The book also provides practical guidance on issues concerning the complicated market definition and analysis mechanism promulgated by the European Commission's Recommendation and Guidelines.
Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Inhalt
- Cover
- Half Title Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- 1. PRIVATIZATION - LIBERALIZATION - REGULATION - COMPETITION
- 2. STRUCTURE OF THIS BOOK
- PART I The Evolution of EU Telecommunications Policy and Law
- CHAPTER 1 The Transition from a Regime of a State-run Monopoly to a Liberalized Market
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. POLICY PAPERS
- 2.1. THE 1987 GREEN PAPER
- 2.2. SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
- 2.3. THE CREATION OF A FRAMEWORK FOR FULL COMPETITION IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
- 2.3.1. The 1992 Review and the Council Resolution of 22 July 1993
- 2.3.2. Bangemann 'Information Society' High Level Group and the 1994 Action Plan
- 2.4. EXTENDING COMPETITION FROM SERVICES TO NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
- 2.4.1. Infrastructure Green Paper (Part I)
- 2.4.2. Infrastructure Green Paper (Part II) and the Communication of 3 May 1995
- 2.5. THE MOBILE GREEN PAPER: THE DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS A UNIVERSAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
- 2.6. THE RULINGS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE ON THE COMMISSION'S USE OF ARTICLE 86 (EX 90) OF THE EC TREATY
- 3. OPENING UP OF THE MARKETS: LEGISLATIVE MEASURES
- 3.1. OPENING THE MARKET FOR RADIO EQUIPMENT AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
- 3.1.1. The Terminal Equipment Directive
- 3.1.2. The Internal Market for Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
- 3.2. THE LIBERALIZATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
- 3.2.1. Services other than Public Voice Telephony
- 3.2.2. The Satellites Directive
- 3.2.3. Cable Television Networks
- 3.2.4. The Mobile Directive
- 3.2.5. The Full Competition Directive
- 4. THE FRAMEWORK FOR HARMONIZED REGULATORY PRINCIPLES: LEGISLATIVE MEASURES
- 4.1.1. The ONP Framework Directive
- 4.1.2. The Leased Lines Directive
- 4.1.3. The Voice Telephony Directive
- 4.1.4. The Interconnection Directive
- 4.1.5. The Licensing Directive
- 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS
- PART II The Application of EU Competition Policy and Law to the Electronic Communications Sector
- CHAPTER 2 Access Agreements - Refusal to Supply and the Essential Facilities Doctrine under EU Competition Law
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. ARTICLE 82 AND REFUSAL TO DEAL - THE CASE LAW OF THE ECJ
- 2.1. DESCRIPTION OF CASES
- 2.1.1. Commercial Solvents v. Commission
- 2.1.2. United Brands
- 2.1.3. Telemarketing
- 2.1.4. RTT v. GB-Inno-BM
- 2.1.5. Magill
- 2.2. DISCUSSION
- 3. THE ESSENTIAL FACILITIES DOCTRINE IN EU LAW
- 3.1. DISCUSSION OF THE COMMISSION'S ESSENTIAL FACILITIES CASES
- 3.1.1. B&I Line plc v. Sealink
- 3.1.2. Sea Containers v. Stena Sealink
- 3.1.3. Port of Roedby
- 3.1.4. London European v. Sabena
- 3.1.5. British Midland v. Aer Lingus
- 3.2. SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPLES EMANATING FROM THE ESSENTIAL FACILITIES CASES
- 3.3. THE RATIONALE FOR AN ESSENTIAL FACILITIES DOCTRINE
- 3.4. DEFINITION OF ESSENTIAL FACILITIES IN THE ACCESS NOTICE
- 3.5. ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL FACILITIES - OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION FOR REFUSING ACCESS
- 3.6. THE DUAL-ROLE SITUATION AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A COMPETITIVE MARKET DOWNSTREAM OF THE ESSENTIAL FACILITY
- 3.7. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NEW ENTRANTS AND NEW PRODUCTS OR SERVICES
- 3.8. SPECIAL DUTIES IMPOSED ON THE OPERATORS OF ESSENTIAL FACILITIES
- 3.9. COMMENTS - CASE LAW OF THE ECJ AND CFI
- CHAPTER 3 Specific Issues of Competition Law
- 1. EXCESSIVE PRICING
- 1.1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
- 1.2. THE APPROACH IN THE CASE-LAW
- 2. PRICE DISCRIMINATION AND OTHER EXCLUSIONARY PRICING PRACTICES SUCH AS DISCOUNTS AND REBATES
- 2.1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
- 2.2. THE APPROACH IN THE CASE-LAW
- 3. AFTER-MARKETS
- 3.1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
- 3.2. THE APPROACH IN THE CASE-LAW
- 4. TYING
- 4.1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
- 4.2. THE APPROACH IN THE CASE-LAW
- 5. PREDATION
- 5.1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
- 5.2. THE APPROACH IN THE CASE-LAW
- CHAPTER 4 Strategic Alliances and Mergers in the Converging Telecommunications, Media and IT Sectors
- SECTION I: HORIZONTAL STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. DISCUSSION OF CASES
- BT-MCI
- Atlas and GlobalOne Cases
- Unisource and Uniworld Cases
- 3. COMMENTS
- SECTION II: MERGERS AND STRATEGIC ALLIANCES IN THE EMERGING MULTI-MEDIA SECTOR - EU COMPETITION POLICY
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. DISCUSSION OF CASES
- 2.1. MSG Media Service
- 2.2. Nordic Satellite Distribution
- 2.3. HMG Groep SA
- 2.4. Kirch/Richemont/Telepiu
- 2.5. Kirch/Richemont/Multichoice/Telepiu
- 2.6. Bertelsmann/CLT
- 2.7. Bertelsmann/Kirch/Premiere and Deutsche Telecom/BetaResearch
- 2.8. Re Television Par Satellite
- 2.8.1. The Relevant Product Markets
- 2.8.2. Structure of the Market
- 2.8.3. The Commission's Legal Assessment
- 2.9. WorldCom/MCI
- 2.10. MCI WorldCom/Sprint
- SECTION III: ACCESS TO PREMIUM CONTENT - THE EMERGENCE OF NEW MEDIA
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. ACCESS TO PREMIUM CONTENT
- 3. BRIEF DISCUSSION OF RELEVANT CASES
- CONCLUSIONS OF SECTIONS II AND III
- GENERAL CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 4
- PART III Adapting the Telecommunications Regime to the Emerging Multimedia Environment - The EU Electronic Communications Framework
- Introduction
- CHAPTER 5 The Challenges of Convergence to Regulatory Approaches - Nature and Scope of the Regulatory Regime
- 1. HORIZONTAL REGULATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE - SPLIT BETWEEN ECONOMIC AND CONTENT REGULATION
- 2. SECTOR-SPECIFIC REGULATION AND COMPETITION LAW
- 2.1. LIMITATIONS OF THE PREVIOUS ONP FRAMEWORK
- 2.2. LIMITATIONS OF COMPETITION LAW
- 2.3. INTERRELATION BETWEEN COMPETITION LAW AND SECTOR-SPECIFIC REGULATION
- 2.4. COMMENT
- 3. SCOPE AND EXTENT OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE REGULATORY REGIME
- CHAPTER 6 The Competition Directive
- 1. SUMMARY OF THE COMPETITION DIRECTIVE
- 2. JOINT PROVISION OF CABLE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS BY A SINGLE DOMINANT OPERATOR/LINE-OF-BUSINESS RESTRICTIONS
- 2.1. CROSS-OWNERSHIP HINDERS THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIMEDIA MARKETS
- 2.2. INEFFECTIVENESS OF THE MEASURE OF ACCOUNTING SEPARATION - REQUIREMENT FOR LEGAL SEPARATION OF TELEPHONE AND CABLE INTERESTS
- 2.3. LEGAL SEPARATION VERSUS STRUCTURAL SEPARATION
- 2.4. LINE-OF-BUSINESS RESTRICTIONS
- 2.5. ARTICLE 8 OF THE COMPETITION DIRECTIVE
- CHAPTER 7 The Framework and Access Directives - Imposition of Specific Remedies
- SECTION I
- 1.NATIONAL REGULATORY AUTHORITIES
- 2. RIGHT OF APPEAL
- 3. EXCHANGE AND PROVISION OF INFORMATION TO NRAS AND THE COMMISSION
- 4. SIGNIFICANT MARKET POWER AND DOMINANCE - THE TWO-TIER APPROACH IS ABANDONED
- 5. UNDERTAKINGS WITH SIGNIFICANT MARKET POWER (SMP)
- 6. MARKET DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
- 7. CONSULTATION AND TRANSPARENCY MECHANISM
- 8. NUMBERING - AVAILABILITY OF NUMBERS
- 9. RIGHTS OF WAY/CO-LOCATION AND FACILITY SHARING
- 10. OBLIGATIONS OF ACCOUNTING SEPARATION AND FINANCIAL REPORTS ON UNDERTAKINGS WHICH ENJOY SPECIAL OR EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS IN OTHER SECTORS
- 11. POWERS OF NRAS CONCERNING DISPUTE RESOLUTION
- 11.1. Dispute Resolution between Undertakings
- 11.2. Resolution of Cross-border Disputes
- SECTION II: ACCESS/INTERCONNECTION
- 1. RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF UNDERTAKINGS AND NRAS IN RELATION TO ACCESS/INTERCONNECTION
- 2. REVIEW OF FORMER OBLIGATIONS FOR ACCESS AND INTERCONNECTION
- 3. IMPOSITION, AMENDMENT OR WITHDRAWAL OF OBLIGATIONS
- SECTION III: IMPOSITION OF REMEDIES AS SET OUT IN THE SPECIFIC DIRECTIVES
- 1. OBJECTIVES FOR SELECTION OF REMEDIES
- 2. SPECIFIC OBLIGATIONS
- 2.1. Obligation of Transparency
- 2.2. Obligation of Non-discrimination
- 2.3. Obligation of Accounting Separation
- 2.4. Obligations of Access to, and Use of Specific Network Facilities
- 2.5. Price Control and Cost Accounting Obligations
- 2.6. Regulatory Controls on Retail Services
- 2.7. Regulatory Controls on the Minimum Set of Leased Lines
- 2.8. Carrier Selection and Carrier Pre-selection
- CONCLUDING COMMENTS
- CHAPTER 8 The EU Authorization Framework for Electronic Communications Networks and Services
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. THE PREVIOUS LICENSING DIRECTIVE
- 3. MAJOR PROBLEMS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVIOUS LICENSING REGIME
- 4. TACKLING THE PROBLEMS - THE AUTHORIZATION DIRECTIVE
- 4.1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
- 4.2. SIMPLIFICATION OF THE LICENCE APPLICATION PROCESS
- 4.3. MINIMUM RIGHTS OF UNDERTAKINGS UNDER THE GENERAL AUTHORIZATION
- 4.4. CONDITIONS ATTACHED TO THE GENERAL AUTHORIZATION AND TO THE RIGHTS OF USE FOR RADIO FREQUENCIES AND NUMBERS
- 4.5. COMPLIANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF THE GENERAL AUTHORIZATION OR OF RIGHTS OF USE
- 4.6. RIGHTS OF USE FOR RADIO FREQUENCIES AND NUMBERS - PROCEDURE FOR RESTRICTING THE NUMBER OF RIGHTS OF USE TO BE GRANTED FOR RADIO FREQUENCIES
- 4.7. INFORMATION REQUIRED UNDER THE GENERAL AUTHORIZATION AND FOR RIGHTS OF USE - PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION
- 4.8. ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES
- 4.9. MODIFICATION OF RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
- CONCLUDING COMMENTS
- CHAPTER 9 Universal Service Provision - End User Rights
- SECTION I: UNIVERSAL SERVICE PROVISION
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. Scope and Availability of Universal Service
- 3. Designated Undertakings Providing Universal Service
- 4. Provision of Access at Fixed Locations
- 5. Directory Enquiry Services and Directories
- 6. Public Pay Telephones
- 7. Specific Measures for Disabled Users, on Low Income and/or Persons with Special Social Needs
- 8. Affordability of Tariffs
- 9. Control of Expenditure and Provision of Additional Facilities
- 10. Quality of Service of Designated Undertakings
- 11. Costing of Universal Service Obligations
- 12. Financing of Universal Service Obligations
- 13. Review of the Scope of Universal Service
- SECTION II: END USER RIGHTS
- 1. END USER CONTRACTS
- 2. TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION/QUALITY OF SERVICE
- 3. ACCURATE, COMPREHENSIVE AND ACCESSIBLE TARIFF INFORMATION
- 3.1. Accurate Tariff Information
- 3.2. Comprehensive Information on Tariffs
- 3.3. Accessible Tariff Information
- 4. INTEGRITY OF THE NETWORK
- 5. OPERATOR ASSISTANCE AND DIRECTORY ENQUIRY SERVICES
- 6. FREE CALLS TO EMERGENCY SERVICES
- 7. EUROPEAN TELEPHONE ACCESS CODES
- 8. NON-GEOGRAPHIC NUMBERS
- 9. PROVISION OF ADDITIONAL FACILITIES
- 10. NUMBER PORTABILITY
- 11. HANDLING OF COMPLAINTS
- 12. OUT-OF-COURT DISPUTE RESOLUTION
- CHAPTER 10 Data Protection, Security and Confidentiality
- SECTION I
- 1. GENERAL DATA PROTECTION DIRECTIVE
- SECTION II: SPECIFIC MEASURES IN THE ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SECTOR
- 2. DIRECTIVE ON THE PROCESSING OF PERSONAL DATA AND THE PROTECTION OF PRIVACY IN THE ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SECTOR
- 2.1. Security of Network and Services
- 2.2. Confidentiality and Data Protection
- 2.3. Traffic Data
- 2.4. Itemized Billing
- 2.5. Calling and Connected-line Identification
- 2.6. Location Data Other than Traffic Data
- 2.7. Automatic Call Forwarding
- 2.8. Subscriber Telephone Directories
- 2.9. Application of Certain Provisions of Directive 95/46
- 2.10. Unsolicited Communications (Spam)
- 3. PROPOSED DIRECTIVE ON THE RETENTION OF COMMUNICATIONS TRAFFIC DATA
- CHAPTER 11 The Impact of the EU Electronic Communications Framework on the Broadcasting Sector
- 1. AUTHORIZATION OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS AND SERVICES USED FOR THE PROVISION OF BROADCAST CONTENT
- 2. ASSIGNMENT OF RADIO FREQUENCIES FOR BROADCASTING PURPOSES
- 3. MUST-CARRY OBLIGATIONS
- 4. ACCESS REGIME FOR DIGITAL GATEWAYS
- 4.1. STRUCTURE OF THE MARKET - IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM
- 4.2. THE RELEVANT ACCESS REGULATORY REGIME
- 4.2.1. Specific Provisions for Conditional Access Systems to Digital Radio and TV Broadcasts
- 4.2.2. Access to Other Associated Facilities for Digital Television Interactive Services
- 4.3. DIGITAL GATEWAYS - THE ESSENTIAL FACILITIES DOCTRINE AND SECTOR SPECIFIC-REGULATION
- 5. INTEROPERABILITY AND STANDARDIZATION OF DIGITAL INTERACTIVE TELEVISION SERVICES
- 5.1. INTEROPERABILITY AND STANDARDIZATION
- 5.2. INTEROPERABILITY VERSUS PRODUCT DIFFERENTATION
- 5.3. DIGITAL GATEWAYS AND STANDARDIZATION
- 5.4. RELEVANT PROVISIONS IN THE FRAMEWORK AND THE SPECIFIC DIRECTIVES
- 6. THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTERS IN THE EMERGING MULTI-MEDIA ENVIRONMENT
- 7. FUNDING OF PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTERS
- CHAPTER 12 EU Radio Spectrum Policy in the Converging Environment
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. STRATEGIC PLANNING OF THE USE OF RADIO SPECTRUM: POLITICAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR
- 3. THE COMMISSION'S ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
- 4. MAJOR ISSUES RAISED IN THE CONSULTATION PROCESS
- 4.1. THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR RADIO SPECTRUM CO-ORDINATION - A PRIORI AGREEMENT ON RADIO SPECTRUM HARMONIZATION - VOLUNTARY IMPLEMENTATION OF ERC DECISIONS - THE CASE FOR LEGAL OBLIGATION
- 4.2. THE NEED TO BALANCE THE VARYING COMMERCIAL AND PUBLIC INTERESTS IN THE ALLOCATION OF RADIO SPECTRUM - CRITERIA TO IDENTIFY PRIORITIES
- 4.3. HARMONIZATION IS NOT SUITABLE FOR ALL CIRCUMSTANCES
- 4.4. RE-FARMING
- 4.5. RADIO SPECTRUM ASSIGNMENT AND LICENSING
- 4.6. RADIO EQUIPMENT AND STANDARDS
- 4.7. ENSURING AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION ON SPECTRUM USE
- 4.8. THE RADIO SPECTRUM DECISION
- 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS AND LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
- 5.1 LATEST DEVELOPMENTS - SPECTRUM TRADING
- 5.2. A NEW EU STRATEGY FOR AN OPTIMAL USE OF RADIO SPECTRUM
- CHAPTER 13 Market Definition and Analysis of the Relevant Markets
- SECTION I: THE MARKETS INCLUDED IN THE ANNEX TO THE COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION ON RELEVANT MARKETS
- RETALL LEVEL
- WHOLESALE LEVEL
- SECTION II: MARKET DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS MARKETS - A PRACTICAL GUIDE
- 1. MARKET DEFINITION
- 2. MARKET ANALYSIS AND IMPOSITION OF REMEDIES
- 3. NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES BEFORE THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION
- SECTION III: METHODOLOGY FOR MARKET DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS MARKETS
- 1. MARKET DEFINITION METHODOLOGY
- 1.1. Product Market
- 1.2. Geographic Market
- 1.3. The Commission's Approach in Practice
- 2. MARKET ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
- 2.1. Case Law of the ECJ and CFI - The Commission's Approach
- 2.2. Collective Dominance
- PART IV Specific Issues: EU Audiovisual Policy - Content Regulation/Broadband
- CHAPTER 14 EU Audiovisual Policy - Content Regulation
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. THE 'TELEVISION WITHOUT FRONTIERS DIRECTIVE
- 2.1. PRINCIPLES OF JURISDICTION - PLACE OF ESTABLISHMENT
- 2.2. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE TRANSMITTING STATE TO CHECK COMPLIANCE BY BROADCASTERS
- 2.3. FREE MOVEMENT FOR BROADCASTS - FREEDOM OF RECEPTION AND RETRANSMISSION - SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONS TO THE TRANSMITTING STATE PRINCIPLE - PROTECTION OF MINORS AND AVOIDANCE OF INCITEMENT TO RACIAL, SEXUAL, RELIGIOUS OR NATIONAL HATRED
- 2.4. RULES APPLICABLE TO DOMESTIC BROADCASTERS
- 2.5. EVENTS OF MAJOR IMPORTANCE TO THE PUBLIC - LIST OF MAJOR EVENTS - NOTIFICATION TO THE COMMISSION
- 2.6. MEASURES TO PROMOTE EUROPEAN PROGRAMMES - DEFINITION OF EUROPEAN WORKS - INDEPENDENT PRODUCTIONS
- 2.7. BROADCASTS OF CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS - EXCLUSION OF 'LOCAL TELEVISION' FROM EUROPEAN CONTENT REQUIREMENTS
- 2.8 REGULATION OF TELEVISION ADVERTISING, SPONSORSHIP AND TELESHOPPING
- 2.8.1. Advertising and Teleshopping
- Format
- Timing of Advertising and Teleshopping
- Content of Advertising and Teleshopping
- 2.8.2. Sponsorship
- 2.8.3. Advertising Quotas
- Teleshopping
- 2.8.4. Possibility for Member States to Impose Stricter Rules
- 2.8.5. Right of Reply
- 3. PROTECTION OF MINORS AND HUMAN DIGNITY IN AUDIOVISUAL AND INFORMATION SERVICES
- 3.1. THE GREEN PAPER ON THE PROTECTION OF MINORS AND HUMAN DIGNITY IN AUDIOVISUAL AND INFORMATION SERVICES
- 3.2. COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION ON PROTECTION OF MINORS AND HUMAN DIGNITY
- 4. NATURE AND SCOPE OF CONTENT REGULATION FOR ON-LINE SERVICES
- 4.1. INTRODUCTION
- 4.2. CONTENT REGULATION OF ON-LINE SERVICES
- 4.3. BALANCE BETWEEN PUBLIC INTEREST AND MARKET CONSIDERATIONS: THE ROLE OF SELF-REGULATION IN THE ON-LINE ENVIRONMENT
- What Kind of Self-regulation?
- Comments
- 5. TOWARDS A MODERN FRAMEWORK FOR AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT: MEDIA REGULATION IN THE CONVERGING ERA
- 5.1. A NEW AUDIO-VISUAL CONTENT SERVICES DIRECTIVE?
- 5.2. THE SCOPE OF FUTURE AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT REGULATION
- 5.2.1. Definition of Audiovisual Content Services
- 5.2.2. Basic Tier of Obligations
- i) Protection of Minors and Human Dignity
- ii) Identification of Commercial Content and Minimum Qualitative Obligations Regarding Commercial Communications
- iii) Right of Reply
- iv) Basic Identification/Masthead Requirements
- 5.2.3. Determination of Jurisdiction - Territorial Competence
- 5.2.4. The Regulation of Advertising
- 5.2.5. Events of Major Importance to Society - Right to Information/Right to Short Reporting
- 5.2.6. The Promotion of European Content and Independent Production
- CHAPTER 15 Broadband
- 1. INTRODUCTION - DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE OF 'BROADBAND'
- 2. TECHNOLOGIES/PLATFORMS FOR THE PROVISION OF BROADBAND ACCESS
- 2.1. WIRELINE PLATFORMS
- 2.2. WIRELESS PLATFORMS
- 3. INTERACTION BETWEEN BROADBAND COMPETITION, GROWTH AND REGULATION
- WHY FOCUS ON DSL REGULATION
- 4. BROADBAND REGULATION
- 4.1. COMPETITION LAW
- 4.2. REGULATING LOCAL LOOP UNBUNDLING
- A. Regulating LLU under the Previous ONP Framework
- The LLU Working Document
- The LLU Communication
- The LLU Recommendation
- The LLU Regulation
- B. Regulating LLU under the ECNS Framework
- i) Obligations of Access to, and Use of, Specific Network Facilities
- ii) Obligation of Transparency
- iii) Obligation of Non-discrimination
- iv) Obligation of Accounting Separation
- v) Price Control and Cost Accounting Obligations
- 4.3. REGULATING BITSTREAM ACCESS
- A. Regulating Bitstream Access under the ONP Framework
- B. Regulating Bitstream under the ECNS Regulatory Framework
- 5. BROADBAND POLICY
- 5.1. CHOOSING BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF BITSREAM ACCESS
- 5.2. COMPLEMENTARY USE OF BITSTREAM ACCESS AND LLU
- APPENDIX 1
- APPENDIX 2
- INDEX
- Back Cover
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