Marine Coastal and Water Pollutions

PREFACE ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi INTRODUCTION xiii AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES xvii CHAPTER 1. SESSION 1: STRUCTURES, MATERIALS AND THEENVIRONMENT 1 Frédéric MUTTIN, Daniel PRIOUR and RodrigoFERNANDES. 1.1. FEM modeling of flexible structures made of cables bars andnets 1 1.1.1. Introduction 1 1.1.2. Details of study 2 1.2. Oil-boom models and full-scale tests 5 1.2.1. Introduction 5 1.2.2. Details of study 6 1.3. Oil-Spill MOHID models 11 1.3.1 Introduction 11 1.3.2. Details of study 11 1.4. References 16 CHAPTER 2. SESSION 2: HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING AND DIFFUSION OFTHE POLLUTANT 19 Frédéric MUTTIN, Mario RICCHIUTO, Imène MeriemMOSTEFAOUI, Mohktar KIRANE, Cédric GOEURY and Jean-MichelHERVOUET 2.1. Numerical anomalies in shallow water simulations, spuriousoscillations, equilibria, super-consistency and mass consistency 19 2.1.1. Introduction 19 2.1.2. Details of study 20 2.1.3. Reference works 25 2.2. A model describing the number of antibiotic-resistantbacteria in rivers 25 2.2.1. Introduction 25 2.3. Numerical modeling of oil spill drifts for operationalmanagement of risks in continental waters 31 2.3.1. Introduction 31 2.3.2. Details of study 32 2.4. References 36 CHAPTER 3. ROUND-TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF STRUCTURES ANDHYDRODYNAMIC SESSIONS 1-2 39 Frédéric MUTTIN 3.1. Objectives of the attendees 39 3.2. Topics addressed 41 3.3. Costs and complexity of available field measurements 43 3.4. References 44 CHAPTER 4. SESSION 3: BIOLOGY TOXICOLOGY AND COASTALSENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 47 Frédéric MUTTIN, Laurent APRIN, Thomas MILINKOVITCH,Christel LEFRANÇOIS, Hélène THOMAS-GUYON,Stéphane LEFLOCH, Céline DUFFA and HervéTHÉBAULT 4.1. Evaluation of the consequences of marine chemical accidents47 4.1.1. Introduction 47 4.1.2. Details of study 48 4.2. Response technique for oil spills and environmental risk:toxicity of dispersant application in nearshore areas on Lizaaurata (Golden grey mullet) 54 4.2.1. Introduction 54 4.2.2. Details of study 55 4.3. Sensitivity of French Mediterranean coastal zones againstaccidental pollutions caused by ships 59 4.3.1. Introduction 59 4.3.2. Details of study 61 4.4. References 65 CHAPTER 5. SESSION 4: ECONOMY AND LAWS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANDENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITIES, JUDICAL ASPECTS, CIVIL AND PENALCHARGES FOR POLLUTION 67 Frédéric MUTTIN, Paul FATTAL and Yann RABUTEAU 5.1. Reflections on coastline vulnerability indicators dedicatedto hydrocarbon pollutions 67 5.1.1. Introduction 67 5.2. Liability and compensation regarding oil spills at sea: thecase of coastal communities 72 5.2.1. Introduction 72 5.2.2. Details of study 72 5.2.3. Related works 76 5.3. References 77 CHAPTER 6. ROUND-TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICALIMPACTS, ECONOMY AND LAWS, SESSIONS 3-4 79 Frédéric MUTTIN 6.1. Topics addressed 80 6.2. Socio-economic analysis of coastal risks 81 CHAPTER 7. MODELING A CAPTIVE UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMTELEDETECTING OIL POLLUTION ON THE SEA SURFACE 83 Frédéric MUTTIN 7.1. Introduction 83 7.2. Materials 85 7.3. Method 87 7.4. Approximation of the problem 89 7.5. Results 91 7.5.1. Finite-element convergence 91 7.5.2. Analytic validation 92 7.5.3. Transient loading 96 7.6. Conclusions 98 7.7. References 98 GENERAL CONCLUSION 101 LIST OF AUTHORS 103 INDEX 105