Marine Coastal and Water Pollutions

Name: Marine Coastal and Water Pollutions | Oil Spill Studies
Brand: Wiley-ISTE
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Oil Spill Studies

Fr?d?ric Muttin(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-ISTE (Verlag)

Erschienen am 22. Juli 2014

144 Seiten

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PREFACE ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi INTRODUCTION xiii AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES xvii CHAPTER 1. SESSION 1: STRUCTURES, MATERIALS AND THEENVIRONMENT 1 Frédéric MUTTIN, Daniel PRIOUR and RodrigoFERNANDES. 1.1. FEM modeling of flexible structures made of cables bars andnets 1 1.1.1. Introduction 1 1.1.2. Details of study 2 1.2. Oil-boom models and full-scale tests 5 1.2.1. Introduction 5 1.2.2. Details of study 6 1.3. Oil-Spill MOHID models 11 1.3.1 Introduction 11 1.3.2. Details of study 11 1.4. References 16 CHAPTER 2. SESSION 2: HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING AND DIFFUSION OFTHE POLLUTANT 19 Frédéric MUTTIN, Mario RICCHIUTO, Imène MeriemMOSTEFAOUI, Mohktar KIRANE, Cédric GOEURY and Jean-MichelHERVOUET 2.1. Numerical anomalies in shallow water simulations, spuriousoscillations, equilibria, super-consistency and mass consistency 19 2.1.1. Introduction 19 2.1.2. Details of study 20 2.1.3. Reference works 25 2.2. A model describing the number of antibiotic-resistantbacteria in rivers 25 2.2.1. Introduction 25 2.3. Numerical modeling of oil spill drifts for operationalmanagement of risks in continental waters 31 2.3.1. Introduction 31 2.3.2. Details of study 32 2.4. References 36 CHAPTER 3. ROUND-TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF STRUCTURES ANDHYDRODYNAMIC SESSIONS 1-2 39 Frédéric MUTTIN 3.1. Objectives of the attendees 39 3.2. Topics addressed 41 3.3. Costs and complexity of available field measurements 43 3.4. References 44 CHAPTER 4. SESSION 3: BIOLOGY TOXICOLOGY AND COASTALSENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 47 Frédéric MUTTIN, Laurent APRIN, Thomas MILINKOVITCH,Christel LEFRANÇOIS, Hélène THOMAS-GUYON,Stéphane LEFLOCH, Céline DUFFA and HervéTHÉBAULT 4.1. Evaluation of the consequences of marine chemical accidents47 4.1.1. Introduction 47 4.1.2. Details of study 48 4.2. Response technique for oil spills and environmental risk:toxicity of dispersant application in nearshore areas on Lizaaurata (Golden grey mullet) 54 4.2.1. Introduction 54 4.2.2. Details of study 55 4.3. Sensitivity of French Mediterranean coastal zones againstaccidental pollutions caused by ships 59 4.3.1. Introduction 59 4.3.2. Details of study 61 4.4. References 65 CHAPTER 5. SESSION 4: ECONOMY AND LAWS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANDENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITIES, JUDICAL ASPECTS, CIVIL AND PENALCHARGES FOR POLLUTION 67 Frédéric MUTTIN, Paul FATTAL and Yann RABUTEAU 5.1. Reflections on coastline vulnerability indicators dedicatedto hydrocarbon pollutions 67 5.1.1. Introduction 67 5.2. Liability and compensation regarding oil spills at sea: thecase of coastal communities 72 5.2.1. Introduction 72 5.2.2. Details of study 72 5.2.3. Related works 76 5.3. References 77 CHAPTER 6. ROUND-TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICALIMPACTS, ECONOMY AND LAWS, SESSIONS 3-4 79 Frédéric MUTTIN 6.1. Topics addressed 80 6.2. Socio-economic analysis of coastal risks 81 CHAPTER 7. MODELING A CAPTIVE UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMTELEDETECTING OIL POLLUTION ON THE SEA SURFACE 83 Frédéric MUTTIN 7.1. Introduction 83 7.2. Materials 85 7.3. Method 87 7.4. Approximation of the problem 89 7.5. Results 91 7.5.1. Finite-element convergence 91 7.5.2. Analytic validation 92 7.5.3. Transient loading 96 7.6. Conclusions 98 7.7. References 98 GENERAL CONCLUSION 101 LIST OF AUTHORS 103 INDEX 105

Author Biographies

The following is a list of biographies for the speakers on whose presentations the respective sections were based.

Chapter 1 1.1. FEM modeling of flexible structures made of cables, bars and nets

Daniel Priour is Engineer at IFREMER Brest, France, specializing in marine technologies, and the numerical and experimental modeling of netting structures.

Priour was in charge of energy efficiency for the fishing industry at IFREMER. In this field, he was also involved with the French governmental body, Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche, in 2007, to organize the national research projects for energy reduction funded by this central administration. Since 2013, Priour has headed the Laboratory “Comportement des Structures en Mer” at IFREMER, Brest. Since 1996, he has been involved in and coordinated numerous research projects, predominantly in Europe, and has authored numerous publications during this period, including 12 publications in international journals with a lecture committee.

1.2. Oil boom models and full-scale tests

Frédéric Muttin is Professor of Applied Mathematics at EIGSI Engineering Scholl La Rochelle, France. He has a PhD in Mathematics from the University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis. He obtained a Professorship Habilitation HDR in Applied Mathematics from the University of Limoges, Multidisciplinary: fluid and solid mechanics, maritime pollution. He has over 27 years of professional experience in research on numerical modeling and industrial mathematics. He has been teaching at EIGSI La Rochelle since 1993 and has written 8 research papers in international journals; made 5 invited conferences in congress; and redacted 17 communications in international symposiums. He is a member of several scientific and professional networks in research or education.

Since 1999, Muttin has been involved in the computation of oil spill emergency planning, the design of an aerial observation system for oil tracking at sea, and the fresh water scarcity on coastal zones. In 2011, he launched a new research project in Morocco, focusing on urban transport planning and industrial mathematics. In April 2012 he organized the 4th International Workshop on Oil Pollution in La Rochelle. He is currently European Project Manager of ISDAMP+, involving Portugal, the UK and France for the period of 2013-2014 (see: http://www.isdamp.eu). The project is called “Improvements of Shorelines Defenses Against Marine Pollution” and depends on the Civil Protection Financial Instrument of the Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (DG-ECHO).

1.3. Oil-Spill MOHID models

Rodrigo Fernandes is a researcher at the Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) of the University of Lisbon, Portugal. He is an environmental engineer with an MSc in Management and Modeling of Water Resources, and he has been developing research activities in oil spill, hydrodynamic and water quality modeling since 2001 in MARETEC. He has also developed the oil spill module present in MOHID’s water modeling system. He was directly involved in now cast simulations for the Prestige tanker accident with the MOHID model, invited by the Galician meteorological centre, Meteogalicia. At present, he is also working on his PhD in oil spill modeling and risk management systems. Over the last ten years, he has also collaborated in other research areas, namely, the design of operational forecasting systems and data management infrastructures, and the creation of new concepts for software tools that take advantage of different operational forecasting systems including oil spill models.

Chapter 2 2.1. Numerical anomalies in shallow water simulations, spurious oscillations, equilibria, super-consistency and mass consistency

Mario Ricchiuto is a researcher at INRIA Bordeaux South-West, France. He has a PhD in Applied Sciences, earned in June 2005 at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium. His research activity began in 1999 at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics in Belgium, where he remained until September 2005. Mario has more than 12 years of experience in the design and analysis of high order discretizations for conservation laws. He has published his work in 16 journal papers, 4 book chapters, 7 VKI Lecture Series course notes, and over 25 international conferences. His research activity was initially devoted to the improvement of discretization techniques used in the aeronautics community for high-speed aerodynamic computations. For the past few years, one of his core activities has involved the transfer of the know-how gained in this community to environmental applications, and in particular to the simulation of free surface flows. This activity is developed in an international network of collaborations involving INRIA (Mario Ricchiuto and Rémi Abgrall and co-workers, the School of Computing at Leeds University (M. Hubbard and co-workers), the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (M.E. Vázquez-Cendón), the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (H. Deconinck and co-workers) and others.

2.2. On a model describing the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria in rivers

Imène Meriem Mostefaoui is a PhD student at the University of La Rochelle, France.

Mohktar Kirane is Full Professor at the MIA laboratory of the University of La Rochelle, France. His research activities currently focus on non-linear and strongly non-linear equations. These contain fractional derivatives in space and time. Recent results concern global existence and blow-up in finite time. Other works explore variational inequalities and rapid solution growth in terms of finite duration.

2.3. Numerical modeling of oil spill drifts for the operational management of risks in continental waters

Cédric Goeury is a graduate student of the engineering school in Mathematic Modeling and Mechanics (MATMECA Bordeaux) in France. He obtained a PhD in 2012 from the University Paris-Est in Fluid Mechanics, Sciences, Engineering and Environment. He specializes in the numerical modeling of oil spill drifts in continental waters, within the Migr’Hycar project.

Currently, Goeury is an engineer-researcher at EDF R&D in the Hydraulic and Environment National Laboratory (LNHE).

Jean-Michel Hervouet is a senior research engineer, HDR, at EDF R and D, and in the Saint-Venant Hydraulic Laboratory.

Chapter 4 4.1. Evaluation of the consequences of marine chemical accidents

Laurent Aprin is Associate Professor at the Engineering school Ecole des Mines d’Alès. After obtaining a PhD in Mechanics and Energetics at the Atomic Energy Center in Grenoble, France, he joined the Industrial Risks and Natural Laboratory at the Ecole des Mines d'Alès to coordinate the CLARA research project on the modeling of consequences of chemical releases in sea. His research is conducted in the context of the generation of knowledge on industrial hazards and consequence assessment in crisis management.

Between 2006 and 2011 he coordinated a national project for the ANR-PRECODD agency concerning the development of a tool for decision support in the context of chemical pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. His work concerns several themes related to physical phenomena in fluid mechanics and transfers, in the modeling of effects solutions to mitigate impacts on humans and the environment.

**4.2. Response technique for oil spills and environmental risk: toxicity of dispersant application in nearshore areas on Liza aurata (golden grey mullet)**

Thomas Milinkovitch is an engineer at the UMR 7266 LIENSs (littoral environment and societies) laboratory of the University of La Rochelle, France. He is an ecotoxicologist and a marine biologist. He has contributed to the National research project DISCOBIOL (ANR-PRECODD agency).

Hélène Thomas-Guyon is Maître de Conférences, “Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (HDR)”, at the University of La Rochelle, France. She is a marine biologist at the UMR LIENSs laboratory (Institut du Littoral et de l’Environnement). She is working on the National research project DISCOBIOL in collaboration with the CEDRE institute in Brest.

Christel Lefrançois is researcher and lecturer Maître de Conférences at La Rochelle University, France. She heads the research group AMARE of the LIENS laboratory “LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés” unit no. UMR-7266 of the French CNRS. Her research focuses on physiological and behavioral responses of fish facing external pressures (e.g. temperature, oxygen) or internal factors (e.g. size). Her research interests are fish eco-physiology, bio-energetics, kinematics of predator-prey interactions and the mechanisms of adaptation.

Stéphane Le Floch is senior researcher at CEDRE “Centre de documentation, de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux”, Brest, France. Since 2014, he has headed the research group of the CEDRE Scientific and Technical unit. Since 2008, he has represented France in the GESAMP EHS Working Group of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for evaluating the environmental hazards of harmful substances carried by ships. His research interests are bioremediation, biological and analytical methods, biodegradation, the environmental impact of oil and chemical pollutions, Hazardous...

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