Cardiopulmonary Bypass

I. The History of Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 1. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: The Historical Foundation, the Future Promise.- II. Physiology of Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 2. The Myocardium: Physiology and Protection During Cardiac Surgery and Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 3. Hypothermia, Cardiac Surgery, and Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics During Cardiac Surgery and Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 5. Hemostasis and Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 6. The Central Nervous System: Responses to Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 7. The Respiratory, Renal, and Hepatic Systems: Effects of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 8. The Immunologic System: Perturbations Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass and the Problem of Infection in the Cardiac Surgery Patient.- 9. The Endocrine System: Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- III. Mechanics and Components of the Heart-Lung Machine.- 10. Oxygenators for Extracorporeal Circulation.- 11. Mechanical Pumps for Extracorporeal Circulation.- 12. Conduits and Filters for Extracorporeal Circulation.- 13. Assembling and Monitoring the Extracorporeal Circuit.- 14. Heat Exchange in Extracorporeal Systems.- IV. Conduct of Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Cardiac Surgery.- 15. Aortoatriocaval Cannulation for Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 16. Initiation and Maintenance of Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 17. Discontinuation of Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 18. Safety and Management of Perturbations During Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- V(a). Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Special Patient Populations.- Complete Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 19. Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 20. Thoracic Aortic Surgery and Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 21. Intracranial Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 22. Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass and Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 23. Chest Trauma and Emergency Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 24. Pregnancy and Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- V(b). Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Special Patient Populations.- Partial Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 25. Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Supported Angioplasty.- 26. Closed Chest Bypass for Liver Transplantation.- VI. Mechanical Assist of the Failing Heart and Lung.- 27. Ventricular Assist Devices.- 28. Intraaortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation.- 29. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Cardiorespiratory Failure.- 30. The Intravascular Oxygenator, IVOX®: Augmentation of Blood-Gas Transfer.- VII. Special Considerations in Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 31. Blood Conservation in Cardiac Surgery.- 32. Religious Objections to Blood Transfusion.- 33. Medical-Legal Aspects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- 34. Warm-Blood Cardioplegia and Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass.