
Crush Otolaryngology Boards. Volume 2
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Inhalt
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1
- Audiology, Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants
- Hearing
- Audiological Evaluation: Air and Bone Conduction
- Audiogram/Speech Perception/Inter-Test Checks
- Nature of Hearing Loss
- Audiometric Findings for Different Ages/Pathologies
- Immittance Battery
- Special Tests
- Health Conditions and Hearing Loss
- Hearing Aids
- Terminology
- Hearing aid Components/Styles
- CROS/BICROS
- Osseointegrated Devices (OID)/ AKA Bone Anchored Hearing Aids (BAHA)
- Middle Ear Implantable Hearing Aids
- Cochlear Implants (CI)
- Candidacy
- Assistive Listening Devices (ALD's)
- References
- Chapter 2
- Hearing Loss: Conductive and Sensorineural
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Conductive Hearing Loss
- References
- Chapter 3
- Diagnosis and Management of Facial Nerve Disorders
- Anatomy of the Facial Nerve
- Route of the Facial Nerve Relative to Adjacent Structures
- Causes of Facial Nerve Dysfunction
- Evaluation of Patients
- Management of Facial Paralysis
- Surgical Management of Facial Paralysis
- Complications of Facial Paralysis
- Comprehensive Facial Nerve Paralysis Management
- References
- Chapter 4
- Diagnosis and Management of Vestibular Disorders
- Function and Anatomy of the Vestibular System
- Evaluation of the Vestibular System
- Etiologies of Vestibular Symptoms
- Management of Vestibular Disorders
- Surgical Management of Vestibular Disorders
- References
- Chapter 5
- Infectious and Inflammatory Processes in Otology
- Infections and Inflammatory Diseases of the Auricle and Periauricular Region
- Cellulitis
- Furunculosis
- Herpes Zoster Oticus (Ramsey Hunt Syndrome
- See Also "Manifestations of Systemic Infectious Disease")
- Auricular Perichondritis
- Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis Chronica
- Infections and Inflammatory Diseases of the External Ear Canal
- Acute Otitis Externa ("Swimmer's Ear")
- Necrotizing Otitis Externa (AKA "Malignant" OE, Skull Base Osteomyelitis)
- Chronic Otitis Externa
- Otomycosis
- Granular Myringitis
- Eczemoid Otitis Externa
- Hyperceruminosis
- Keratosis Obturans
- Canal Cholesteatoma
- Acute Bullous Myringitis
- Infections and Inflammatory Diseases of the Middle Ear
- Acute Otitis Media
- Recurrent Acute Otitis Media
- Otitis Media with Effusion
- Chronic Otitis Media without Cholesteatoma
- Middle Ear Atelectasis and Adhesive Otitis Media
- Chronic Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma (Keratoma)
- Cholesterol Granuloma
- Otosclerosis
- Tympanosclerosis
- Complications of Acute and Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
- Mastoiditis
- Petrositis
- Labyrinthitis (See Section of Infections of Inner Ear)
- Facial Paralysis
- Extradural Abscess or Granulation Tissue
- Sigmoid Sinus Thrombophlebitis
- Otitic Hydrocephalus
- Brain Abscess
- Meningitis
- Subdural Abscess
- Infections and Inflammatory Diseases of the Inner Ear
- Defined Based on Onset, Duration, and Symptomatology (Audiologic, Vestibular, or Both)
- Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Vestibular Neuritis/Neuronitis
- Labyrinthitis
- Manifestations of Systemic Infectious Disease
- Cytomegalovirus Infection
- Rubella Infection
- Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection (See "Infections of Auricle" Section)
- Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
- Syphilis
- Lyme Disease
- Tuberculosis
- Granulomatous Disease
- Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Formerly "Histiocytosis X")
- Sarcoidosis
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Formerly "Wegener's Granulomatosis")
- Diseases of Bone
- Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Fibrous Dysplasia
- Paget Disease
- Osteopetrosis
- Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica (AKA von Recklinghausen's Disease)
- Storage and Metabolic Diseases
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Ochronosis
- Gout
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Susac Syndrome
- Cogan Syndrome
- Relapsing Polychondritis
- Chronic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
- Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease
- Immunodeficiency Disorders
- Humoral Immunodeficiency Disorders
- Cellular Immunodeficiency Disorders
- Disorders of Phagocyte (Neutrophil) Function
- Complement System Defects
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- References
- Chapter 6
- Benign and Malignant Lesions in Otology
- Benign and Malignant Lesions
- Osteomas
- Exostoses
- Keratosis Obturans
- Aural Polyp
- Canal Cholesteatoma
- Hemangioma/Hemangiopericytoma
- Paraganglioma
- Epidermoid Inclusion Cyst
- Cholesterol Granuloma
- First Branchial Remnant
- Glandular tumors
- Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis/Hand Schueller-Christian Disease, Letterer-Siwe Disease
- Furuncle
- Temporomandibular Joint Herniation
- Malignant Tumors
- Sarcomas
- Staging and Management
- References
- Chapter 7
- Otologic Surgery
- Tympanomastoid Surgery
- Myringotomy with/without Ventilation Tube Placement
- Myringoplasty
- Tympanoplasty without Mastoidectomy
- Tympanoplasty with Mastoidectomy
- Mastoidectomy
- Implantable Hearing Devices
- Bone Conduction Hearing Implants
- Implantable Middle Ear Hearing Aids
- Auditory Brainstem Implants
- Skull Base Surgery
- Malignancies of the Temporal Bone
- Approaches to the Internal Auditory Canal (IAC) and Cerebellopontine Angle (CPA)
- Approaches for Drainage of the Petrous Apex
- Approaches to Resect Tumors of the Petrous Apex, Clivus, and Petroclival Junction
- Infratemporal and Transtemporal Skull Base Approaches
- Stereotactic Radiosurgery/Radiation Therapy
- Facial Nerve Surgery
- Facial Nerve Tumors
- Facial Nerve Trauma
- Bell's Palsy
- Surgery for Vertigo
- Intratympanic gentamicin (chemical vestibular ablation):
- Vestibular nerve section:
- Labyrinthectomy with or without vestibular nerve section
- Endolymphatic Sac (ELS) Surgery
- Posterior Semicircular Canal Occlusion
- Superior Semicircular Canal (SCC) Occlusion
- References
- Chapter 8
- Temporal Bone Trauma
- References
- Chapter 9
- Radiation of Head and Neck Cancer
- Radiation
- Contraindications to Radiotherapy
- Radiobiology
- Radiation Fractionation
- Risk Factors
- Nodal Staging
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Larynx/Hypopharynx
- Oral Cavity
- Sinonasal
- Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP)
- Adjuvant Treatment
- Skin Cancer
- Salivary Gland Cancer
- Thyroid
- Lymphoma
- Benign Disease
- Radiation Toxicities
- Palliative Radiation
- Osteoradionecrosis (ORN)
- Radiation Induced Sarcoma
- References
- Chapter 10
- Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer
- Signs and Symptoms
- Precancerous Lesions
- Risk Factor
- Treatment Key Points
- Principles of Chemotherapy
- Patients with Potentially Curable Cancer
- Treatment of Cancers by Type and Stage of Cancer
- Treatment of cancers of the oral cavity (lip, floor of mouth, oral tongue, lower alveolar ridge, retromolar trigone, hard palate and buccal mucosa)
- Treatment of cancers of the oropharynx (soft palate, tonsils, base of tongue, pharyngeal wall, or vallecula)
- Treatment of cancers of the larynx and hypopharynx
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
- Regimens
- Locoregional Disease
- Nasopharynx
- Patients with recurrent, unresectable, or metastatic disease (with no surgery or RT option)
- References
- Chapter 11
- Oral Cavity, Nasopharynx, and Oropharyngeal Malignancies
- Oral Cavity:
- Nasopharynx:
- Oropharynx:
- References
- Chapter 12
- Hypopharyngeal, Laryngeal and Esophageal Malignancies: Diagnosis and Treatment
- Hypopharynx
- Larynx
- Esophagus
- References
- Chapter 13
- Benign and Malignant Lesions of the Neck
- Introduction
- Age
- Location
- History
- Examination
- Ancillary Diagnostic Testing
- Congenital/Developmental Neck Masses - Lateral (See embryology chapter for figures)
- References
- Chapter 14
- Salivary Gland Pathologies
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Salivary Gland Tumors
- Additional Malignant Tumors
- Pathology of Salivary Tumors
- References
- Chapter 15
- Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders:
- Diagnosis and Management
- Thyroid
- Anatomy
- Embryology
- Physiology
- Benign Disease
- Thyroiditis
- Hyperthyroidism
- Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
- Ectopic thyroid
- Goiter
- Nodules
- Malignant Disease
- Work-Up
- Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancers (WDTC)
- Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC)
- Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma (FTC)
- Hurthle Cell Carcinoma (HCC)
- Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas (PDTC)
- Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)
- Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC)
- Lymphoma
- Parathyroid
- Anatomy
- Embryology
- Physiology
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Medical Management of Acute Hypercalcemia
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
- Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Familial Hypercalcemic Hypocalciuria (FHH)
- Parathyroid Carcinoma
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndrome
- Hypoparathyroidism
- References
- Chapter 16
- Cysts, Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions of the Jaw
- Key Points
- Cysts of the Jaws
- Odontogenic Cysts
- Inflammatory Cysts: Radicular Cyst
- Developmental Cysts
- Dentigerous Cyst
- Odontogenic Keratocyst
- Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst
- Glandular Odontogenic Cyst
- Lateral Periodontal Cyst
- Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst
- Non-Odontogenic Cysts
- Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
- Pseudocysts and Cyst Mimics
- Simple Bone Cyst
- Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
- Stafne Bone Defect
- Odontogenic Tumors
- Benign Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors
- Ameloblastoma
- Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor
- Squamous Odontogenic Tumor
- Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor
- Benign Mesenchymal Odontogenic Tumors
- Odontogenic Fibroma
- Odontogenic Myxoma/Myxofibroma
- Cementoblastoma
- Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma
- Benign Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Odontogenic Tumors
- Odontoma
- Ameloblastic Fibroma
- Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor
- Benign Non-Odontogenic Jaw Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions
- Fibrous Dysplasia
- Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia
- Osteoma
- Desmoblastic Fibroma
- Chondroma
- Osteoblastoma/Osteoid Osteoma
- Central Giant Cell Granuloma
- Giant Cell Tumor
- Intraosseous Hemangioma
- Malignant Odontogenic Tumors
- Odontogenic Carcinomas
- Metastasizing Ameloblastoma
- Ameloblastic Carcinoma
- Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma NOS
- Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma
- Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma
- Sclerosing Odontogenic Carcinoma
- Odontogenic Carcinosarcoma: Extremely Rare Tumor with True Mixed Malignant Epithelial and Mesenchymal Components
- Ameloblastic Fibrosarcoma
- Primary Intraosseous Salivary Gland Carcinomas
- Metastatic Tumors
- References
- Chapter 17
- Wound Healing and Scar Revision
- Wound Healing
- Scar Revision
- References
- Chapter 18
- Skin Lesions: Diagnosis and Management
- Benign Disorders
- Inflammatory/Autoimmune
- Infectious
- Neoplastic
- Cutaneous Premalignant and Malignant Lesions
- Actinic Keratosis
- Bowen's Disease
- Factors Associated with High Risk Cutaneous Malignancies
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Clinical and Pathologic N Criteria Are the Same as Other Non-Oropharynx Head and Neck (See Head and Neck Section)
- Keratoacanthoma (KA)
- Cutaneous Lesions Lip SCC/BCC
- Malignant Melanoma
- Risk Factors
- Epidemiology/Presentation
- Clinical Presentation/Diagnosis
- Histopathology
- Poor Prognostic Factors
- Mucosal Melanoma
- Imaging/Metastatic Workup (AJCC 8th Edition)
- Treatment
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma
- Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
- References
- Chapter 19
- Facial Analysis and Aesthetics
- Ideal Facial Proportions
- Forehead
- Eyes
- Nose
- Lips
- Chin
- Neck
- Ears
- Facial Photography
- References
- Chapter 20
- Facial Resurfacing: Laser, Dermabrasion, and Chemical Peels
- Concepts
- Contraindications for Skin Resurfacing
- Pre-Peel Protocol
- Post Peel Protocol
- Main Techniques to Perform Skin Resurfacing
- Dermabrasion
- Used more for focal treatment of area requiring resurfacing rather than whole face
- Chemical Peels
- Long history of use for focal and full facial skin resurfacing
- Superficial Chemical Peel
- Medium Chemical Peel
- Deep Chemical Peel
- Laser Resurfacing
- LASER=Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
- References
- Chapter 21
- Implants, Biomaterials, and Injectables in Facial Plastics
- Implants
- Types
- Common Sites of Implants
- Chin and Malar
- Nose
- Injectables
- Botulinum Toxin
- Other Uses
- Fillers
- Other Biomaterials
- References
- Chapter 22
- Blepharoplasty and Brow Lift
- Blepharoplasty
- Background
- Anatomy
- Eye Lid
- Anterior Lamella
- Middle lamella
- Posterior Lamella
- Relationships
- Upper Eye Lid Crease
- Orbital Fat Compartments
- Indications
- Blepharochalasis
- Dermatochalsis
- Limitations
- Evaluation
- Goals
- Approaches
- Complications
- Pearls
- Brow Lift
- Anatomy
- Indications
- References
- Chapter 23
- Rhinoplasty
- Indications for Rhinoplasty
- Nasal-Facial Analysis
- Functional Analysis
- Rhinoplasty Incisions/Approaches
- Rhinoplasty Grafts
- Rhinoplasty Complications
- Revision Rhinoplasty
- References
- Chapter 24
- Rhytidectomy
- Anatomical Considerations
- Surgical Procedure
- Rhytidectomy Approaches
- Rhytidectomy Complications
- References
- Chapter 25
- Mentoplasty and Midface Augmentation
- Mentoplasty
- Midface Augmentation
- References
- Chapter 26
- Otoplasty
- Anatomy and Embryology
- Auricular Malformations
- Nonsurgical Treatment
- Surgical Treatment
- Prosthetic Auricles
- Complications of Surgical Otoplasty
- Complications of Nonsurgical Otoplasty
- Microtia Repair
- References
- Chapter 27
- Hair Restoration
- Fundamentals
- Androgenic Alopecia-A Chronic, Progressive Condition with No Cure
- Medical Management of Hair Loss (Androgenic Alopecia)
- Other Options for Hair Loss
- Hair Transplantation
- References
- Chapter 28
- Facial Trauma
- Initial Assessment of the Facial Trauma Patient
- Penetrating Neck Trauma
- Mandible Fractures
- Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures
- Le Fort Fractures
- Orbital Fractures
- Frontal Sinus Fractures
- Nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) Fractures
- Temporal Bone Fractures (See Dedicated Chapter for Details)
- Laryngeal Trauma (See Dedicated Chapter)
- References
- Chapter 29
- Local, Regional, and Free Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction
- Skin Flap Classification, Physiology, and Wound Healing
- Eyelid Reconstruction
- Nasal Reconstruction
- Lip Reconstruction
- Ear Reconstruction
- Skin Grafts
- Regional Flaps
- Pectoralis Major Flap
- Trapezius Muscle Flap
- Temporalis Muscle Flap
- Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Flap
- Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap
- Deltopectoral Flap
- Submental Island Flap
- Supraclavicular Flap
- Internal Mammary Artery Perforator Flap (IMAP)
- Free Flaps
- Radial Forearm Free Flap
- Lateral Arm Flap
- Anterolateral Thigh Flap (ALT)
- Subscapular System Flaps
- Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery (DCIA) Flap
- Fibular Free Flap (FFF)
- References
- About the Editor
- List of Contributors
- Index
- Blank Page
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