Prevention and Management of Post-Operative Complications, An Issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics 25-4

Name: Prevention and Management of Post-Operative Complications, An Issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics 25-4 | Prevention and Management of Post-Operative Complications, an Issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics 25-4
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Prevention and Management of Post-Operative Complications, an Issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics 25-4

John D. Mitchell(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 7. Januar 2016

100 Seiten

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Front Cover
Prevention and Management of Postoperative Complications
Copyright
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITOR
EDITOR
AUTHORS
Contents
Preface: Reducing the Footprint of Postoperative Complications
Cardiovascular Complications Following Thoracic Surgery
Pain Management Following Thoracic Surgery
The Prevention and Management of Air Leaks Following Pulmonary Resection
Bronchopleural Fistula and Empyema After Anatomic Lung Resection
Management of Postoperative Respiratory Failure
Complications Following Carinal Resections and Sleeve Resections
Anastomotic Leakage Following Esophagectomy
Management of Conduit Necrosis Following Esophagectomy
Functional Conduit Disorder Complicating Esophagectomy
Complications Following Surgery for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Achalasia
Prevention and Management of Complications Following Tracheal Resection
Prevention and Management of Nerve Injuries in Thoracic Surgery
Chest Wall Resection and Reconstruction: Management of Complications
Postoperative Chylothorax
THORACIC SURGERY CLINICS
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
February 2016
May 2016
August 2016
RECENT ISSUES
August 2015
May 2015
February 2015
Reducing the Footprint of Postoperative Complications
Cardiovascular Complications Following Thoracic Surgery
Key points
INTRODUCTION
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Risk Factors and Risk Stratification
Current Guidelines for Preoperative Cardiac Testing
Echocardiography
Stress test considerations
Cautions with stress test and bronchospasm
Perioperative Management of Antiplatelet Medications for Coronary Stents
Holding antiplatelet therapy
Performing surgery with patients on antiplatelet therapy
Prophylaxis with Beta-Blockade
Treatment of Postoperative Myocardial Infarction
Cardiac Herniation
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS/PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Introduction
Incidence in Thoracic Surgery
Prophylaxis
Mechanical
Pharmacologic
Inferior vena-cava filters
Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Thrombolysis
Discharge and Follow-up
Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis After Vascular Sleeve Resection
ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIAS
Causes of Atrial Fibrillation
Prophylaxis for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Beta-blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Amiodarone
Other
Treatment
Medical treatment
Cardioversion
Anticoagulation
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Pulmonary Hypertension and Lung Surgery
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Pain Management Following Thoracic Surgery
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ETIOLOGIES OF PAIN
Thoracotomy Versus Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery
Systemic Versus Regional Analgesia
SYSTEMIC AND PARENTERAL THERAPIES
Opioids
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Acetaminophen
Benzodiazepines
Ketamine
Dexmedetomidine
Gabapentinoids
Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion
REGIONAL ANESTHESIA TECHNIQUES
Thoracic Epidural Analgesia
Paravertebral Analgesia
Intrathecal Opioid Analgesia
Intercostal Analgesia
Intrapleural Analgesia
Cryoanalgesia
CHRONIC POSTTHORACOTOMY PAIN
Prevention
Treatment
Pharmacologic
Interventional
REFERENCES
The Prevention and Management of Air Leaks Following Pulmonary Resection
Key points
INTRODUCTION
THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
Intraoperative Prevention of Air Leaks
Lung mobilization
Pleural tent
Pneumoperitoneum
Surgical sealants
Staple-line buttressing
Tissue transposition
Other techniques
Postoperative Management of Air Leaks
Postoperative chest tube management
Pleural drainage systems
Chest tube removal
Noninvasive Management of Prolonged Air Leak
Heimlich valve
Pleurodesis and autologous blood patch
Invasive Management of Prolonged Air Leak
Endobronchial valves
Surgical intervention
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Bronchopleural Fistula and Empyema After Anatomic Lung Resection
Key points
ETIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, AND PREVENTION
PATHOLOGY
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS
MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Management of Postoperative Respiratory Failure
Key points
INTRODUCTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
Preoperative Evaluation
Intraoperative Factors
Postoperative Factors
POSTOPERATIVE PNEUMONIA
Incidence, Mortality, and Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation
Prevention
Treatment
POSTPNEUMONECTOMY PULMONARY EDEMA
Incidence, Mortality, and Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation or Pathogenesis
Prevention
Treatment
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Incidence, Mortality, and Risk Factors
Clinical Presentation
Prevention
Treatment
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Complications Following Carinal Resections and Sleeve Resections
Key points
INTRODUCTION
INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
Indications
Contraindications
Special Situations
SURGICAL PRINCIPLES
Tumor Resectability
Airway Dissection
Size Mismatch
Release Maneuvers
Anastomotic Technique
COMPLICATIONS OF CARINAL SURGERY AND SLEEVE RESECTIONS
POSTPNEUMONECTOMY PULMONARY EDEMA
Presentation
Prevention
Treatment
Prognosis
ANASTOMOTIC COMPLICATIONS
Bronchopleural Fistula
Presentation
Management
Bronchovascular Fistula
Presentation
Management
Anastomotic Stricture/Stenosis
Presentation
Management
Local Recurrence
Presentation
Treatment
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Anastomotic Leakage Following Esophagectomy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSIS
CAUSE AND PREVENTION
Systemic Factors
Local Factors
Technical Factors
Anastomotic Technique
ADJUNCTS FOR PREVENTION
MANAGEMENT
Nonoperative Approaches
Surgical Options
Stenting
Aerodigestive Fistula Management
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Management of Conduit Necrosis Following Esophagectomy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION AND CONSEQUENCES
Definition
Consequences
PREVENTION
Preoperative: Individual Risk Assessment
Intraoperative: Ischemic Preconditioning, Assessment of Conduit, Blood Pressure Support
Ischemic preconditioning
Intraoperative assessment of conduit vascularity
Perfusion pressure
Management of Acute Intraoperative Conduit Loss
Management of Delayed Conduit Loss
Investigation of conduit ischemia after surgery
Optimization of Patients Before Reconstruction
Reconstruction Options
Postreconstruction Management
REFERENCES
Functional Conduit Disorder Complicating Esophagectomy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DELAYED GASTRIC EMPTYING
Dumping
Anastomotic Stricture/Dysphagia
Reflux
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Complications Following Surgery for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Achalasia
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ANTIREFLUX SURGERY
Preoperative Examination
COMPLICATIONS OF ANTIREFLUX SURGERY
Intraoperative Complications
Aspiration during intubation
Viscus injury from trocar insertion
Complications after retractor placement
Capnothorax
Esophageal perforation
Intra-abdominal catastrophe
Splenic injury
Bleeding
Early Postoperative Complications
Dysphagia
Early recurrence of hiatal hernia
Consequences of vagus nerve injury
Ileus
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Later Postoperative Complications
Dysphagia
Gas bloat
Recurrence of hiatal hernia
Recurrence of reflux and regurgitation
Mesh or pledget erosion
Reoperation
COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY FOR ACHALASIA
Preoperative Examination for Achalasia Surgery
Anesthesia
Trocar and Retractor Injuries
Complications of Myotomy
Mucosal injury
Subcutaneous neck and facial emphysema
Incomplete myotomy
Reflux esophagitis
The peroral endoscopic myotomy
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Prevention and Management of Complications Following Tracheal Resection
Key points
INTRODUCTION
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
Induction
Resection
Reconstruction
Extubation
CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS
MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Anastomotic Complications
Fistulas
Laryngeal Complications
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Prevention and Management of Nerve Injuries in Thoracic Surgery
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF NERVES AND NERVE INJURY
Anatomy and Physiology of Peripheral Nerves
Classification of Peripheral Nerve Injury
Repair of Peripheral Nerves
NERVE INJURIES IN THORACIC SURGERY
Phrenic Nerve
Vagus Nerve
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Stellate Ganglion/Sympathetic Trunk
Brachial Plexus
SUMMARY
FURTHER READINGS
Chest Wall Resection and Reconstruction
Key points
BACKGROUND
RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS
WOUND AND PROSTHETIC COMPLICATIONS
PREDICTORS OF COMPLICATIONS
RECENT ADVANCES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Postoperative Chylothorax
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ELEMENTS OF ANATOMY
CAUSES
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Index

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