Dark Matter

Name: Dark Matter | Evidence, Theory, and Constraints
Brand: Princeton University Press
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Evidence, Theory, and Constraints

David J. E. Marsh David Ellis Viraf M. Mehta(Autor*in)

Princeton University Press

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 15. Oktober 2024

352 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Contents
Common Abbreviations
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Dark Matter: The Greatest Mystery
1.2. Overview of This Book
1.3. Historical Note
Warm-up Problems: Units
Part I. Evidence for Dark Matter
Chapter 2. Virial Theorem and Spherical Collapse
2.1. The Virial Theorem
2.1.1. Derivation
2.1.2. Zwicky and the Coma Cluster
2.2. Spherical Collapse
Chapter 3. Rotation Curves
3.1. Measuring Orbital Velocities
3.2. Modelling the Visible Content
3.3. Dark Matter from vc(R)
3.4. Dark Matter in the Milky Way
3.4.1. General Remarks
3.4.2. The Milky Way Rotation Curve
3.5. Modified Gravity or Dark Matter?
Chapter 4. Gravitational Lensing and X-Rays
4.1. Hydrostatic Equilibrium of Gas and Cluster Temperature
4.2. Gravitational Lensing
4.2.1. Recap of Special Relativity, and Introduction to General Relativity
4.2.2. Light Bending by Matter
4.2.3. Applying Lensing: The k Map
4.3. The Bullet Cluster
Chapter 5. Cosmology Toolkit
5.1. The Hot Expanding Universe
5.1.1. Geometry
5.1.2. Einstein's Equations and Covariant Derivatives
5.1.3. Cosmic Inventory
5.1.4. The Dark Matter Relic Density
5.1.5. Cosmic Thermodynamics
5.1.6. Photon Decoupling and Recombination
5.2. Cosmological Perturbation Theory
5.2.1. Metric Perturbations and Einstein Equations
5.2.2. Matter Equations of Motion
5.2.3. The Energy-Momentum Tensor
5.3. Inflation
5.3.1. The Horizon Problem
5.3.2. Scalar Fields and Inflation
5.3.3. Quantum Fluctuations and the Primordial Power Spectrum
Chapter 6. Cosmological Evidence for Dark Matter
6.1. Concordance, Flatness and the Baryon Budget
6.2. The Growth of Structure
6.2.1. Initial Conditions
6.2.2. Solutions of the Cosmological Perturbations
6.2.3. Baryons, Photons and the CMB
6.3. Dark Matter Halos
6.3.1. Halo Mass Function
6.3.2. NFW Profile
6.3.3. The Halo Model for the Non-Linear Power Spectrum
6.3.4. Simulations
Color Plates
Problems on Evidence for Dark Matter
Part II. Theories of Dark Matter
Chapter 7. Particle Physics and the Standard Model
7.1. Global and 'Gauge' Symmetries
7.2. Fermions, Chirality and Non-Abelian Symmetries
7.2.1. Fermions and Chirality
7.2.2. Symmetries of the Dirac Lagrangian
7.2.3. Non-Abelian Symmetries and the Standard Model Gauge Group
7.3. Particle Content of the Standard Model
7.3.1. Constructing the Lagrangian
7.3.2. Fermionic Spectrum and a Game of Indices
7.3.3. No Dirac Masses in the SM
7.3.4. The Higgs Mechanism
Chapter 8. Massive Neutrinos as Dark Matter?
8.1. Massive Neutrinos
8.1.1. Higgs Mechanism for Fermions and the Problem with Neutrino Mass
8.1.2. Mass and Flavour Eigenstates
8.1.3. Observed Neutrino Masses
8.1.4. Constraints on Neutrino Mass
8.2. Neutrino Relic Abundance: Freeze-out
Chapter 9. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
9.1. Relic Density
9.1.1. Equilibrium
9.1.2. Freeze out of a Massive Particle
9.1.3. Velocity Dependence of the Cross Section
9.1.4. Estimating a Cross Section
9.2. Models of WIMPs
9.2.1. 'The WIMP Miracle'
9.2.2. Supersymmetry
9.2.3. Kaluza-Klein WIMPs
Chapter 10. Axions: The Prototype of Wavelike DM
10.1. Vacuum Realignment Production
10.1.1. Scalar Field Lagrangian
10.1.2. Axion Relic Density
10.1.3. Initial Conditions: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
10.1.4. The Axion Mass
10.2. Models of Axions
10.2.1. QCD Axion
10.2.2. Axion-Like Particles
10.2.3. ALPs from String Theory
10.3. Structure Formation with Scalar Fields
10.3.1. The Non-Relativistic Limit
10.3.2. Some Schrödinger-Poisson Physics
Chapter 11. Primordial Black Holes
11.1. Collapse of Curvature Perturbations
11.2. Relic Abundance
11.2.1. PBH Density and Mass
11.3. Inflationary Model for PBHs
11.3.1. Sketch of the Model
11.3.2. Computing the Collapse Fraction
Problems on Theories of Dark Matter
Part III. Testing Dark Matter
Chapter 12. WIMP Direct Detection
12.1. WIMP Nuclear Recoil
12.2. Cross-Section Estimates
12.3. Homestake Mine Experiment
12.4. Modern Direct Detection Techniques
12.4.1. Detectors
12.4.2. Backgrounds
12.5. The Neutrino Fog
Chapter 13. WIMP Astrophysics and Indirect Detection
13.1. WIMP Mass Lower Bound
13.1.1. Fermions and the Tremaine-Gunn Bound
13.1.2. Warm Dark Matter
13.2. Annihilations and Indirect Detection
13.2.1. Gamma Ray Flux Production
13.2.2. Diffusion-Loss Equation
13.2.3. Limits from Gamma Ray Telescopes
13.2.4. Other Indirect Detection Probes
Chapter 14. Axion Direct Detection
14.1. The Axion-Photon Coupling
14.1.1. Lagrangian for Axion-Photon Coupling
14.1.2. Axion-Maxwell Equations
14.2. Axion Cavity 'Haloscope'
14.2.1. Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX)
14.3. Other Axion Experiments and Couplings
14.3.1. Other Couplings
14.3.2. QUAX
14.3.3. CASPEr
Chapter 15. Astrophysical Axion Bounds
15.1. Ultralight Axions and Fuzzy Dark Matter
15.1.1. Bounds from Structure Formation
15.1.2. 'Quasiparticle Heating'
15.1.3. Bounds on ULA Fraction
15.2. Black Hole Superradiance
15.3. Bounds from Stellar Production of Axions
15.3.1. Horizontal Branch Stars
15.3.2. SN1987A
15.4. Decay and Conversion of Axion DM
15.4.1. X-Rays and Axion Decays
15.4.2. Neutron Star Magnetospheres
Chapter 16. Constraints on PBHs
16.1. Hawking Radiation
16.2. Lower Bound from Gamma Rays
16.3. Upper Bound from Galaxy Formation
16.4. Microlensing
16.4.1. EROS and MACHO
16.4.2. Subaru-HSC
16.4.3. Estimating Constraints
Problems on Testing Dark Matter
Chapter 17. Epilogue: The DM Candidate Zoo
Acknowledgements
Appendix A. Reading List
A.1. Books and Review Articles
A.2. Evidence for Dark Matter
A.2.1. Galactic Scales
A.2.2. Cosmology
A.3. Theories of Dark Matter
A.3.1. The Standard Model and Quantum Field Theory
A.3.2. WIMPs, SUSY and Other Thermal Relics
A.3.3. Axions
A.3.4. Primordial Black Holes
A.4. Tests of Dark Matter
A.4.1. WIMPs
A.4.2. Axions
A.4.3. Primordial Black Holes
Bibliography
Index

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