
JUNOS Enterprise Routing
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Andere Ausgaben
Inhalt
- Intro
- Table of Contents
- Foreword
- Why Enterprise Routing?
- Why Is Routing So Important?
- How This Book Will Help You
- Credits
- About the Authors
- About the Lead Technical Reviewers
- Preface
- What Is Enterprise Routing?
- Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program (JNTCP)
- How to Use This Book
- What's in This Book?
- Topology of This Book
- Conventions Used in This Book
- Using Code Examples
- Comments and Questions
- Safari® Books Online
- Acknowledgments
- From Doug Marschke
- From Harry Reynolds
- Introduction to JUNOS Enterprise Routing
- JUNOS Overview
- CLI Review
- General CLI Features
- Command completion
- EMACs
- Pipe commands
- Configuration Mode
- Loading and Saving Configurations
- S.O.S., I Need Help!
- Advanced CLI and Other Cool Stuff
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- Interfaces
- Permanent Interfaces
- Transient Interfaces
- Interface Naming
- Media type
- Chassis slot number
- PIC slot number
- Port number
- Logical unit and channel numbers
- Interface Properties
- Physical Properties
- Logical Properties
- Interface Configuration Examples
- Fast Ethernet Interface
- Fast Ethernet with VLAN Tagging
- T1 Interface with Cisco HDLC Encapsulation
- Serial Interface with PPP
- Serial Interface with Frame Relay
- ADSL Using PPPoE over ATM
- ISDN
- MLPPP
- GRE
- VRRP
- Interface Troubleshooting
- Address Configuration Issues
- Encapsulation Mismatches
- Path MTU Issues
- Looped Interfaces
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- Protocol Independent Properties and Routing Policy
- Protocol Independent Properties
- Static, Aggregate, and Generated Routes
- Next hop types
- Static versus aggregate routes
- Aggregate versus generated routes
- Route attributes and flags
- Global Route Preference
- Floating static routes
- Martian Routes
- Routing Tables and RIB Groups
- Default route tables
- User-defined RIBs and RIB groups
- Router ID and Antonymous System Number
- Router ID
- Autonomous system number
- Summary of Protocol-Independent Properties
- Routing Policy
- What Is a Routing Policy, and When Do I Need One?
- Where and How Is Policy Applied?
- Applying policy to link state routing protocols
- Applying policy to BGP and RIP
- Policy Components
- Logical OR and AND functions within terms
- Policy Match Criteria and Actions
- Policy match criteria
- Policy actions
- Route Filters
- Binary trees
- Route filters and match types
- Default Policies
- OSPF (and IS-IS) default policy
- RIP default policy
- BGP default policy
- Advanced Policy Concepts
- Testing policy results
- Community and AS path regex matching
- Policy subroutines (nesting)
- Boolean grouping
- Summary of Routing Policy
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- Interior Gateway Protocols and Migration Strategies
- IGP Overview
- Routing Information Protocol
- Stability and performance tweaks
- RIP and RIPv2
- Open Shortest Path First
- Neighbors and adjacencies
- OSPF router types
- Areas and LSAs
- OSPF stability and performance tweaks
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
- EIGRP metrics
- EIGRP: A grand past and a dubious future
- IGP Summary
- RIP Deployment Scenario
- Existing RIP Configuration
- Baseline operation
- Summary of RIP Requirements
- Enter Juniper Networks
- Configure static routes
- Configure RIP
- Confirm RIP Operation: Ale and Lager
- Confirm RIP: Juniper Networks to Cisco Systems Integration
- Confirm route exchange
- Confirm forwarding path
- The Problem
- RIP Deployment Summary
- IGP Migration
- IGP Migration: Common Techniques and Concerns
- IGP Migration Models
- The Overlay Model
- The Redistribution Model
- The Integration Model
- IGP Migration Summary
- Overlay Migration Scenario: RIP to OSPF
- RIP-to-OSPF Migration: Cutover to OSPF
- Before You Go, Can You Set Up Area 1 Real Quick?
- A final task: Aggregate network summaries into the backbone
- RIP Migration with the Overlay Model Summary
- EIGRP-to-OSPF Migration
- Mutual Route Redistribution
- The JUNOS software OSPF configuration
- The IOS configuration
- Confirm EIGRP/OSPF Mutual Route Redistribution
- Troubleshoot a preference issue
- EIGRP-to-OSPF Migration Summary
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- Border Gateway Protocol and Enterprise Routing Policy
- What Is BGP?
- Inter-AS Routing
- BGP Route Attributes
- BGP Path Selection
- Internal and External BGP
- Scaling IBGP with Route Reflection
- Route reflection and redundancy
- Scaling IBGP: Confederations
- BGP and the Enterprise
- When Should an Enterprise Run BGP?
- A word about AS numbers
- ASN Portability
- Dual-homed: Single versus multiple providers
- Asymmetric Link Speed Support
- Which Routers Should Run IBGP?
- No Transit Services
- The Impact of Accepting Specifics Versus a Default from Your Provider
- Summary of Enterprise BGP Requirements
- BGP Deployment: Asymmetric Load Balancing
- Validate Baseline Operation
- Configure Generated Route
- Configure Initial BGP Peering
- Configure Initial BGP Policy
- Use BGP for Asymmetric Load Balancing
- Initial BGP Peering Summary
- Enterprise Routing Policy
- Inbound and Outbound Routing Policies
- Common Policy Design Criteria
- A word on outbound/inbound versus export/import policy
- Know your ISP's policy
- Enterprise Policy Summary
- Multihome Beer-Co
- Implement Beer-Co's Outbound Policy
- EBGP Peering to AS 420
- Export Beer-Co Aggregate to Borgnet
- Monitor system load
- IBGP Peering Within AS 1282
- Troubleshoot an IBGP peering problem
- Configure route reflection
- Troubleshoot BGP next hop reachability
- Confirm Outbound Policy Operation
- Dual-Homing and Outbound Policy Summary
- Inbound Policy
- AS Path Prepend to Influence Nonadjacent AS Path Selection
- Use Communities to Influence Peer AS
- BGP Inbound Policy Summary
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- Access Security
- Security Concepts
- Summary of Security Concepts
- Securing Access to the Router
- User Authentication
- Remote Access
- Summary of Access Security
- Firewall Filters
- Filter Processing
- Filter Match Conditions
- Can your mother read this?
- Filter Actions
- Applying a Filter
- Case Study: Transit Filters
- Case Study: Loopback Filters
- Policers
- Burst-size limit mystery
- Policer actions
- Configuring and applying policers
- Policer example
- Summary of Firewall Filters and Policers
- Spoof Prevention (uRPF)
- Summary of Spoof Prevention
- Monitoring the Router
- Syslog
- Case study: Syslog
- SNMP
- NTP
- Is NTP REALLY Working?
- Summary of Router Monitoring
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- Introduction to JUNOS Services
- JUNOS Services
- Layer 2 Services
- Multilink PPP
- Multiclass MLPPP
- CRTP
- Multilink Frame Relay
- GRE
- Layer 2 Services Summary
- Layer 3 Services
- Stateful Firewall
- Application Layer Gateways
- Network Address Translation
- Intrusion Detection Services
- IPSec VPN
- Layer 3 Services Summary
- Layer 3 Services Configuration
- Simple Interface-Style Service Set
- Service Filters and Post-Service Filters
- Simple Next Hop-Style Service Set
- Logging and Tracing
- Layer 3 Services Configuration Summary
- Additional Service Options
- Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
- Real-Time Performance Monitoring (RPM)
- Data Link Switching (DLSw)
- Flow Monitoring
- Tunnel Services
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- Advanced JUNOS Services
- Route Tables and Next Hop Service Sets
- Summary of Route Tables and Next Hop-Style Service Sets
- IPSec VPNs
- Minimum IPSec Tunnel Configuration
- Interface-style service set
- Next hop-style service set
- Unique Proposals
- Backup Tunnels
- Routing and verification for IPSec tunnels
- Physical interface goes down!
- Dynamic IPSec Tunnels
- IPSec over GRE
- Summary of IPSec VPNs
- NAT
- Source NAT with No PAT
- Source NAT with PAT
- Destination NAT
- NAT and the stateful firewall
- Twice NAT
- Summary of NAT
- IDS
- Combining Services
- Stateful Firewall, NAT, and IPSec over GRE Together
- The Life of a Packet
- Considerations Regarding Order of Operations
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- Class of Service
- What Is IP CoS, and Why Do I Need It?
- Why IP Networks Need CoS
- Circuit-switching inefficiencies
- CoS Terms and Concepts
- Network QoS parameters
- Classification
- Packet marking/rewriting
- Forwarding classes, queues, and schedulers
- Congestion management
- Policing and shaping
- Summary of CoS processing steps
- IP CoS Summary
- IP Differentiated Services
- IP ToS
- Enter IP Integrated Services
- IP Differentiated Services
- DiffServ Terminology
- DiffServ PHBs
- DiffServ Summary
- M7i and J-Series CoS Capabilities
- Input Processing
- BA classification capabilities
- Multifield classification
- Policing
- CoS policy
- Output Processing
- Egress policing
- Rewrite marking
- Scheduling and queuing
- Delay Buffer Size
- Scheduler Maps
- A word on per-unit scheduling
- Congestion control
- Configure WRED drop profiles
- Differences Between J-Series and M7i CoS
- Per-unit scheduling
- Weight- versus priority-based scheduling
- Scheduler-based shaping to limit excess bandwidth usage
- Scheduler priority levels
- Hierarchical shaping and shared scheduling
- J-series virtual channels
- RED behavioral differences
- Number of queues/forwarding classes
- PLP and adaptive shaping
- Number of rewrite markers
- JUNOS Software CoS Defaults
- Four forwarding classes, but only two queues
- BA and rewrite marker templates
- M-Series and J-Series CoS Summary
- DiffServ CoS Deployment and Verification
- Why Not Test CoS with Control-Plane-Generated Traffic?
- Cannot control classification of locally generated traffic
- Enter resource performance monitoring
- Configure DiffServ-Based CoS
- Multifield classification and policing (task 1)
- BA classification and rewriting (task 2)
- CoS shaping (task 3)
- Scheduler definition and application (task 4)
- An Alternative J-Series Scheduler Approach
- Define RED Profiles
- Scheduler application
- Activate multifield classification
- The complete configuration
- Verify DiffServ-Based CoS
- Confirm general CoS configuration
- Confirm classification and queuing
- Confirm that all this CoS stuff actually does something
- No CoS benchmark
- The CoS benchmark
- DiffServ Deployment Summary
- J-Series Adaptive Shapers and Virtual Channels
- Configure Adaptive Shaping
- Virtual Channels
- Configure virtual channels
- J-Series Adaptive Shaping and Virtual Channel Summary
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- IP Multicast in the Enterprise
- What Is Multicast?
- Multicast Applications
- Locating content
- Multicast Terminology and Concepts
- Routing turned upside down
- Multicast terms
- Additional multicast building blocks
- Mapping IP Multicast to Link Layer Multicast
- Multicast addressing and administrative scoping
- Interface lists
- Reverse path forwarding
- Distribution trees
- Multicast Terminology Summary
- Multicast Protocols
- Group Management Protocols
- IGMPv3
- PIM
- PIM versions
- PIM components
- PIM modes
- PIM messages
- The designated router
- Multicast Protocol Summary
- PIM Sparse Mode: Static RP
- Validate the Baseline IGP Forwarding Path
- Configure PIM Sparse Mode with Static RP
- Configure PIM on the RP
- Configure PIM on remaining routers
- Verify RPF
- Configure the simulated receiver
- A Word on Multicast Client Options
- Create a listening multicast process
- Generate multicast traffic
- PIM Sparse Mode with Static RP Summary
- Configure PIM Sparse Mode with Bootstrap RP
- Troubleshoot a Bootstrap Problem
- Extra points for creativity?
- PIM Sparse Mode with Bootstrap RP Summary
- PIM-Based Anycast-RP
- Configure Anycast-RP
- Configure static RP on non-RP routers
- Configure the Anycast-RPs
- Verify the Anycast-RPs
- What about MSDP?
- PIM Sparse Mode with Anycast-RP Summary
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- JUNOS Software with Enhanced Services
- JUNOS Software with Enhanced Services Overview
- Supported Platforms
- Packet Versus Flow-Based Processing
- Security zones
- Do I Need a Router or a Security Device?
- Best-of-breed routing and security services
- Architecture Changes
- Adding flow-based forwarding
- JUNOS software with enhanced services packet walk
- JUNOS Software with Enhanced Services Summary
- Migrating from JUNOS to JUNOS Software with Enhanced Services
- Understanding JUNOS Software with Enhanced Services Operational Modes
- Switching between secure and router contexts
- Migration Steps
- Migration example
- Step 1: Copy the current configuration file
- Step 2: Migrate the existing configuration to a JUNOS software with enhanced services configuration
- Step 3: Copy the migrated configuration for use when JUNOS software with enhanced services loads
- Step 4: Copy and install JUNOS software with enhanced services
- So, what changed?
- JUNOS Software with Enhanced Services Migration Summary
- Service Migration Case Study: JUNOS to JUNOS Software with Enhanced Services
- The Original JUNOS Software ASP-Based Service Set
- Original ASP-based service set: Operational analysis
- The Migrated JUNOS Software with Enhanced Services Configuration
- Confirm JUNOS software with enhanced services operation
- Troubleshoot a flow problem
- Some other interesting commands
- JUNOS Software with Enhanced Services Summary
- Conclusion
- Exam Topics
- Chapter Review Questions
- Chapter Review Answers
- Glossary
- Index
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