Space Physics and Aeronomy, Volume 2, Magnetospheres in the Solar System

Name: Space Physics and Aeronomy, Volume 2, Magnetospheres in the Solar System
Brand: Wiley
Price: 218.99 EUR
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Romain Maggiolo Nicolas André Hiroshi Hasegawa Daniel T. Welling Yongliang Zhang Larry J. Paxton(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 14. April 2021

800 Seiten

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Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Part I The Earth Magnetosphere
Chapter 1 A Brief History of the Magnetosphere
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 BRITISH WORK IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
1.3 SCANDINAVIAN WORK IN THE NINEETEENTH CENTURY
1.4 SCHISM
1.5 CHAPMAN-FERRARO: A CAVITY IN A STREAM OF CHARGED PARTICLES FROM THE SUN
1.6 ALFVÉN: THEORY OF STORMS AND THE ADVENT OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
1.7 THE SPACE AGE BEGINS
1.8 DUNGEY: THE OPEN MAGNETOSPHERE
1.9 PARTICLE TRANSPORT IN THE OPEN MODEL
1.10 CONCLUDING REMARKS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 2 Large-Scale Structure and Dynamics of the Magnetosphere
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 THE SOLAR WIND INPUT
2.3 BOW SHOCK, MAGNETOSHEATH, AND FORESHOCK
2.4 MAGNETOPAUSE
2.5 CUSPS
2.6 MAGNETOTAIL
2.7 INNER MAGNETOSPHERE: RING CURRENT, RADIATION BELTS, AND PLASMASPHERE
2.8 THE RESPONSE OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE TO A DYNAMIC SOLAR WIND
2.9 CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 3 The Equations of the Magnetosphere
3.1 THOUGHTS ON EQUATIONS
3.2 BASIC EQUATIONS
3.3 KINETIC THEORY
3.4 FLUID THEORY AND MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
3.5 TEST PARTICLE MODELS
3.6 SUMMARY
3.7 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part II Fundamental Processes
Chapter 4 Magnetic Reconnection in the Near-Earth Magnetotail
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 IN SITU OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC RECONNECTION
4.3 SUBSTORM-ASSOCIATED MAGNETIC RECONNECTION
4.4 MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN THE MAGNETOTAIL
4.5 FUTURE PROSPECTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 5 Turbulence and Complexity of Magnetospheric Plasmas
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 LESSONS LEARNED FROM STUDIES OF SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE
5.3 TURBULENCE AND COMPLEXITY IN KEY MAGNETOSPHERIC REGIONS
5.4 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 6 Wave-Particle Interactions in the Earth's Magnetosphere
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 THE GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION AND PROPERTIES OF MAGNETOSPHERIC WAVES
6.3 QUASI-LINEAR MODELING OF RADIATION BELT VARIABILITY
6.4 NONLINEAR MODELING OF RADIATION BELT VARIABILITY
6.5 UNRESOLVED ISSUES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 7 Cross-Scale Energy Transport in Space Plasmas: Applications to the Magnetopause Boundary
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 MAGNETIC RECONNECTION AND KHI
7.3 FROM MHD SCALES TO KINETIC SCALES
7.4 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part III Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling
Chapter 8 Solar Wind Interaction with Earth´s Bow Shock
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF EARTH´S BOW SHOCK
8.3 CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS OF EARTH´S BOW SHOCK
8.4 PIC SIMULATION RESULTS OF EARTH´S BOW SHOCK
8.5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 9 The Magnetosheath
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE
9.3 WAVES AND TURBULENCE
9.4 TRANSIENT EVENTS
9.5 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 10 Dayside Magnetopause Processes
10.1 THE MAGNETOPAUSE
10.2 PROCESSES THAT CREATE THE MAGNETOPAUSE
10.3 DAYSIDE TRANSFER PROCESSES
10.4 THE DOMINANT TRANSFER PROCESS: MAGNETIC RECONNECTION
10.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 11 The Polar Cusps of the Earth´s Magnetosphere
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 SPACECRAFT MISSIONS AND MODELING TOOLS
11.3 LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH´S POLAR CUSPS
11.4 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL NATURE OF CUSP STRUCTURES
11.5 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 12 The Earth´s Low-Latitude Boundary Layer
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE LLBL
12.3 CANDIDATE FORMATION MECHANISMS OF THE LLBL
12.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part IV Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling
Chapter 13 Field-Aligned Currents in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS OF FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS
13.3 DRIVERS OF FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS
13.4 DETERMINING FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENT DENSITY
13.5 CLIMATOLOGICAL FEATURES OF FACS
13.6 SCALE SIZES DEPENDENCE OF FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS
13.7 SUMMARY AND OPEN ISSUES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 14 Ionospheric Ion Acceleration and Transport
14.1 INTRODUCTION
14.2 IONOSPHERIC ION UPFLOWS
14.3 ION ACCELERATION PROCESSES
14.4 IONOSPHERIC ION TRANSPORT IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE
14.5 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 15 Cold Ionospheric Ions in the Magnetosphere
15.1 INTRODUCTION: COLD IONS AS PART OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE
15.2 OBSERVATIONS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
15.3 STATISTICS AND EFFECTS AT LARGE SCALES
15.4 EFFECTS AT SMALL SCALES
15.5 SPACE WEATHER EFFECTS
15.6 DISCUSSION AND OPEN QUESTIONS
15.7 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 16 Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling of Precipitating Electrons and Ionospheric Conductance
16.1 PROBLEM OVERVIEW
16.2 THE MAJOR SUPERTHERMAL ELECTRONS PATHWAYS IN THE MI SYSTEM
16.3 THE QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
16.4 CONDUCTANCE DEPENDENCE ON THE SHAPE OF ELECTRON DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
16.5 CONDUCTANCE DEPENDENCE ON MULTIPLE ATMOSPHERIC REFLECTIONS
16.6 IONOSPHERIC CONDUCTANCE IN THE PRESENCE OF THE POTENTIAL DROP
16.7 CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part V The Dynamic Magnetosphere
Chapter 17 Magnetotail Processes
17.1 INTRODUCTION
17.2 QUIESCENT EVOLUTION, THIN CURRENT SHEET FORMATION
17.3 ONSET OF DYNAMIC MODES
17.4 DYNAMIC CONSEQUENCES
17.5 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 18 The Active Magnetosphere: Substorms and Storms
18.1 SUBSTORMS
18.2 STORMS
18.3 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 19 The Northward IMF Magnetosphere
19.1 INTRODUCTION
19.2 SOLAR WIND/MAGNETOSPHERE COUPLING
19.3 IONOSPHERIC AND AURORAL RESPONSE
19.4 INTERNAL MAGNETOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
19.5 REMAINING CONTROVERSIES
19.6 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 20 A Brief Review of the Ring Current and Outstanding Problems
20.1 INTRODUCTION
20.2 RING CURRENT SOURCES
20.3 RING CURRENT LOSSES
20.4 OUTSTANDING PROBLEMS
20.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 21 Source, Loss, and Transport of Energetic Particles Deep Inside Earth's Magnetosphere (L&4)
21.1 INTRODUCTION
21.2 DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF ENERGETIC PROTONS DEEP INSIDE THE EARTH´S MAGNETOSPHERE
21.3 LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS OF ~MEV ELECTRON ENHANCEMENTS AT L&2.6
21.4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 22 The Plasmasphere: Its Interactions and Dynamics
22.1 INTRODUCTION
22.2 PLASMASPHERE INTERACTIONS WITH THE IONOSPHERE AND THERMOSPHERE
22.3 PLASMASPHERIC RESPONSE TO SOLAR WIND DRIVING AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
22.4 PLASMASPHERE INTERACTIONS WITH ENERGETIC PARTICLES
22.5 THE STATE OF PLASMASPHERIC MODELING
22.6 THE FUTURE OF PLASMASPHERE RESEARCH
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 23 Impact of Ionospheric Ions on Magnetospheric Dynamics
23.1 INTRODUCTION
23.2 IMPACT ON SMALL SCALES
23.3 IMPACT ON LARGE SCALES
23.4 OPEN QUESTIONS
23.5 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part VI Planetary Magnetic Fields
Chapter 24 Planetary Magnetic Fields
24.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL NOTES
24.2 PLANETARY PARADE
24.3 DYNAMO ACTION
24.4 DYNAMO SCALING LAWS
24.5 MAGNETIC INDUCTION AND COUPLING
24.6 CRUSTAL MAGNETIZATION
24.7 MASS LOADING AND MAGNETIC PILEUP
24.8 MAGNETOSPHERIC AND IONOSPHERIC CURRENTS
24.9 MAGNETIC FIELDS OF EXOPLANETS
24.10 A CENTENNIAL ROADMAP
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part VII Induced Magnetospheres
Chapter 25 Induced Magnetospheres
25.1 INTRODUCTION
25.2 THE MARS SPACE ENVIRONMENT
25.3 THE MARS-SOLAR WIND INTERACTION
25.4 FLOWS, FIELDS, AND FORCES
25.5 ASYMMETRIES
25.6 CRUSTAL MAGNETIC FIELDS
25.7 WAVES AND INSTABILITIES
25.8 FUTURE DIRECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 26 Induced Magnetospheres: Titan
26.1 INTRODUCTION
26.2 OVERVIEW OF TITAN´S PLASMA INTERACTION
26.3 THE INDUCED MAGNETOSPHERE OF TITAN AS SEEN BY CASSINI
26.4 ENERGY AND MOMENTUM TRANSFER PROCESSES AND PLASMA ESCAPE
26.5 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 27 Birth of a Magnetosphere
27.1 INTRODUCTION
27.2 OVERVIEW OF ROSETTA PLASMA OBSERVATIONS
27.3 ELECTRIC FIELDS IN A COMET MAGNETOSPHERE
27.4 BEFORE THE BOUNDARIES FORM
27.5 EMERGENCE OF BOUNDARIES
27.6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 28 Induced Magnetospheres: Atmospheric Escape
28.1 INTRODUCTION
28.2 MEASUREMENTS AND MODELS
28.3 ESCAPE PROCESSES AND RATES
28.4 PLANETARY-SCALE IMPLICATIONS
REFERENCES
Part VIII Giant Planet Magnetospheres
Chapter 29 The Magnetodisk Regions of Jupiter and Saturn
29.1 INTRODUCTION
29.2 MAGNETODISK STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS
29.3 MAGNETOSPHERIC COMPRESSIBILITY
29.4 PARTICLE DYNAMICS
29.5 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 30 Fast Rotating Magnetospheres: Jupiter and Saturn Plasma Sources, Loss and Transport
30.1 FROM MOONS TO MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA
NEUTRAL VERSUS CHARGED PARTICLE DYNAMICS
30.2 NEUTRAL DOMINATED VERSUS CHARGED PARTICLE DOMINATED MAGNETOSPHERES
30.3 MAGNETIC FLUX CONSERVATION AND PLASMA TRANSPORT
30.4 DIAGNOSTICS OF PLASMA TRANSPORT
30.5 MAGNETOSPHERIC HEATING VIA PLASMA MOTION
30.6 OPEN TOPICS
REFERENCES
Chapter 31 Gas Giant Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling
31.1 INTRODUCTION
31.2 COUPLING THEORY
31.3 ATMOSPHERIC THEORY
31.4 MOVING BEYOND STEADY STATE IN GIANT PLANET MIT COUPLINGMODELS
31.5 MODEL RESULTS
31.6 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 32 The Radiation Belts of Jupiter and Saturn
32.1 INTRODUCTION
32.2 PHYSICAL PROCESSES
32.3 SATURN´S RADIATION BELTS
32.4 JUPITER´S RADIATION BELTS
32.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 33 Asymmetrical Magnetospheres: Uranus and Neptune
33.1 INTRODUCTION
33.2 INTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELDS
33.3 GEOMETRICAL CONSIDERATIONS
33.4 SOLAR WIND-MAGNETOSPHERE COUPLING
33.5 CONVECTION
33.6 PLASMA SOURCES AND MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE COUPLING
33.7 MAGNETOTAIL
33.8 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part IX Mini-magnetospheres and Moon-Magnetosphere Interactions
Chapter 34 A Dungey Cycle in the Life of Mercury´s Magnetosphere
34.1 INTRODUCTION
34.2 MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION
34.3 MAGNETOSPHERIC CUSP, PLASMA FILAMENTS AND PLASMA MANTLE
34.4 MAGNETOTAIL LOADING AND UNLOADING
34.5 MAGNETOTAIL X-LINES AND FLUX ROPES
34.6 DIPOLARIZATION FRONTS
34.7 ENERGETIC ELECTRONS AND X-RAY AURORAL EMISSIONS
34.8 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 35 The Magnetosphere of Ganymede
35.1 INTRODUCTION
35.2 AMBIENT JOVIAN ENVIRONMENT AT GANYMEDE´S ORBIT
35.3 OBSERVATIONS OF GANYMEDE´S MAGNETOSPHERE
35.4 NUMERICAL MODELING
35.5 OPEN QUESTIONS AND FUTURE EXPLORATION
35.6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 36 Overview of Moon-Magnetosphere Interactions
36.1 INTRODUCTION
36.2 BASIC SETUP
36.3 CLASSIFICATION OF INTERACTIONS
36.4 PHYSICS OF THE INTERACTION
36.5 A SHORT TOUR OF MOONS IN MAGNETOSPHERES: EARTH, JUPITER, SATURN, URANUS, NEPTUNE, AND EXOPLANETS
36.6 OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part X Investigating Magnetospheric Processes
Chapter 37 Global Simulations
37.1 PURPOSE AND UTILITY
37.2 GOVERNING EQUATIONS, INITIAL AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
37.3 NUMERICAL APPROACHES AND THEIR LIMITATIONS
37.4 COUPLING WITH THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE SYSTEM
37.5 COUPLING WITH INNER MAGNETOSPHERE MODELS
37.6 RECENT SIGNIFICANT RESULTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 38 Kinetic Modeling in the Magnetosphere
38.1 INTRODUCTION
38.2 KINETIC EQUATIONS FOR MAGNETOSPHERIC SIMULATIONS
38.3 ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR KINETIC SIMULATIONS OF MAGNETOSPHERES
38.4 APPLICATION: ASYMMETRIC MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN A MAGNETOSPHERE
38.5 THE FUTURE OF KINETIC SIMULATIONS FOR MAGNETOSPHERES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 39 Data-Based Modeling of the Earth's Magnetic Field
39.1 INTRODUCTION
39.2 DATA FOR EMPIRICAL MODELING
39.3 MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE OF EMPIRICAL MODELS
39.4 PARAMETERIZATION OF THE DATA-BASED MODELS
39.5 FUTURE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES: CONSTELLATION-DATA BASED MODELS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 40 Multispacecraft Measurements in the Magnetosphere
40.1 INTRODUCTION
40.2 MAGNETIC FIELD GRADIENTS AND TOPOLOGY
40.3 MAGNETIC FIELD RECONSTRUCTION AND NULL FIELDS
40.4 TIME SERIES ANALYSIS: BOUNDARIES, MOTION, AND STRUCTURES
40.5 MULTISPACECRAFT WAVE VECTOR ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
40.6 CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 41 Exploring Small Scales with MMS
41.1 REVIEW OF RECONNECTION THEORY AND PRE-MMS MEASUREMENTS
41.2 REQUIREMENT FOR ELECTRON-SCALE MEASUREMENTS WITH MMS
41.3 DISCOVERY OF THE ROLE OF ELECTRON PHYSICS IN DRIVING RECONNECTION
41.4 MAGNETIC GUIDE FIELD EFFECTS
41.5 SOURCE OF THE RECONNECTION ELECTRIC FIELD
41.6 SYMMETRIC RECONNECTION IN THE MAGNETOTAIL
41.7 WAVES AND TURBULENCE IN RECONNECTION
41.8 PATH TO FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS OF RECONNECTION BY MMS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 42 Global Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imaging of Magnetospheres
42.1 INTRODUCTION
42.2 ENA IMAGING TECHNIQUES
42.3 ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
42.4 ENA IMAGING OF THE TERRESTRIAL MAGNETOSPHERE
42.5 ENA IMAGING OF PLANETARY MAGNETOSPHERES, MOONS, AND THE HELIOSPHERIC BOUNDARY
42.6 SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 43 Laboratory Experiments: Putting Space into the Lab
43.1 MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA PHYSICS ISSUES ARE ADDRESSABLE BY LAB EXPERIMENTS
43.2 INTERDISCIPLINARY EFFORTS IN SPACE, THEORY, AND EXPERIMENT
43.3 IMPROVED DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES INTERRELATE PLASMA EXPERIMENTS IN THE LABORATORY AND IN SPACE
43.4 CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part XI Future Directions
Chapter 44 Challenges in Modeling the Outer Magnetosphere
44.1 INTRODUCTION
44.2 PHYSICAL MODELS
44.3 RESOLVING SPATIAL SCALES
44.4 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND COUPLING WITH OTHER MODELS
44.5 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 45 Does a Magnetosphere Protect the Ionosphere?
45.1 INTRODUCTION
45.2 MAIN OUTFLOW PROCESSES
45.3 ION OUTFLOW RATE: OBSERVATIONS
45.4 INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC MOMENT
45.5 CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 46 Some Unsolved Problems of Magnetospheric Physics
46.1 INTRODUCTION
46.2 WHAT MAKES SOME PROBLEMS HARD?
46.3 SOME PREVIOUSLY SOLVED PHYSICAL PROBLEMS
46.4 UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
46.5 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 47 Instigators of Future Change in Magnetospheric Research
47.1 INTRODUCTION
47.2 TECHNIQUES TO WATCH AND ADOPT
47.3 CLOSING COMMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Index
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