Chest Imaging, An Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine
1. Auflage
Erschienen am 25. Juni 2015
100 Seiten
978-0-323-38881-8 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
This issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine focuses on Chest Imaging. Drs. Lynch and Chung have assembled an expert panel of authors on the topics of:Approach to chest CT, CT screening for lung cancer,The solitary pulmonary nodule, Staging of lung cancer, Imaging of infections, ICU imaging, Pulmonary vascular diseases, Occupational and environmental lung disease, Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, Connective tissue disease-related thoracic disease and more!
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Inhalt
- Front Cover
- Chest Imaging
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Contents
- CME Page
- Clinics in Chest Medicine
- Preface
- Erratum
- Approach to Chest Computed Tomography
- Key points
- Introduction: definitions and nature of the problem
- Imaging techniques
- Basic Physics of Computed Tomography
- Scan Protocol
- Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Scan Execution
- Postprocessing
- 2-Dimensional multiplanar reformatting
- Maximum intensity projection
- Minimum intensity projection
- Three-dimensional volume rendering
- Imaging features and differential diagnosis: reviewing chest computed tomography
- Review of the "Scout" Topogram
- Lines, tubes, and other support apparatus
- Pathologic abnormality in organs not fully included in the scan range
- Findings at the "edge of the examination"
- Mediastinum
- Heart
- Cardiac chambers
- Myocardium
- Coronary arteries
- Cardiac valves
- Pericardium
- Large Thoracic Vessels
- Aorta and arch vessels
- Pulmonary arteries
- Major thoracic veins
- Thoracic Lymph Nodes
- Large and Small Airways
- Lungs: Overall Approach
- Normal lung
- Increase in lung opacity
- Decrease in lung opacity
- Mosaic attenuation
- Spatial distribution of disease
- Lung volumes
- Lungs: Findings at High-Resolution Chest Computed Tomography
- Nodules
- Linear/reticular opacities and honeycombing
- Pleura
- Soft Tissues and Bones
- Pearls and pitfalls: technical considerations and artifacts
- Slice Thickness and Volume Averaging
- Motion Artifact
- Inadequate Inspiration or Expiration
- Problems with the Contrast Bolus
- Noise and Beam-Hardening Artifact
- Current controversies
- Radiation Dose Concerns and Dose Reduction
- Summary
- References
- Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening for Lung Cancer
- Key points
- Introduction
- The evidence for screening
- Setting up a lung cancer screening clinic
- Key Personnel
- Who Should Be Screened?
- Shared Decision Making
- Risks and Benefits of Low-Dose Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Screening
- Performing the Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening Examination
- Findings on low-dose computed tomographic screening examinations
- Lung Nodules
- Incidental Findings
- Emphysema/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Disease
- Coronary Artery Calcification
- Extrapulmonary Malignancy
- Understanding the low-dose computed tomographic report: the American College of Radiology Lung CT Screening Reporting and D ...
- Financial issues
- Summary
- References
- Imaging the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
- Key points
- Introduction
- Definitions and differential diagnosis
- Imaging techniques for nodule evaluation
- Chest Radiography
- Computed Tomography
- Computed tomography imaging features
- Nodule attenuation
- Nodule morphology
- Nodule size and growth
- Additional Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques
- Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
- Nodule Biopsy
- Management considerations
- Summary
- References
- Staging of Lung Cancer
- Key points
- Introduction
- Imaging techniques
- Chest Radiography
- Computed Tomography
- MRI
- PET
- TNM staging: 7th edition
- Primary Tumor
- Regional Lymph Nodes
- Metastasis
- Pearls and pitfalls
- T Descriptor
- Pearls
- Pitfalls
- N Descriptor
- Pearls
- Pitfalls
- M Descriptor
- Pearls
- Pitfalls
- Current controversies
- Staging of Contralateral Lung Nodules
- Staging of Synchronous Primary Lung Cancers
- Staging of Multilobar Primary Tumors
- Staging of Ground Glass Opacities
- Staging of Extrathoracic Nodal Disease
- Future directions
- Quantitative Imaging
- Expanded Use of Magnetic Resonance in Staging
- 8th Edition TNM Staging for Lung Cancer
- References
- Imaging Infection
- Key points
- Normal hosts
- Complications of Pneumonia
- Differentiation of Pneumonia from Noninfectious Diseases
- Specific Diagnosis: Mycoplasma, Viruses, and Mycobacterium
- Non-AIDS immunocompromised hosts
- Fungal Infections
- Viral Infections
- Bacterial and Mycobacterial Infections
- Patients with AIDS
- Detection of Infections in AIDS
- Radiologic Patterns
- Bacterial Infection
- Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
- Mycobacterial Infections
- Fungal Infections
- Summary
- References
- Intensive Care Unit Imaging
- Key points
- Introduction
- Indications for Portable Chest Radiography
- Technical Factors
- Monitoring and support devices
- Endotracheal and Tracheostomy Tubes
- Enteric Tubes
- Venous Catheters
- Pulmonary Artery Catheters
- Chest Tubes
- Pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities
- Atelectasis
- Aspiration
- Pneumonia
- Pulmonary Edema
- Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
- Hydrostatic Pulmonary Edema
- Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pleural fluid
- Pneumothorax
- Pneumomediastinum
- Pleural Fluid
- Summary
- References
- Pulmonary Vascular Diseases
- Key points
- Introduction
- Acute pulmonary embolism
- Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
- Pulmonary vasculitis
- Granulomatosis with Polyangitis
- Microscopic Polyangitis
- Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Churg-Strauss)
- Summary
- References
- Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease
- Key points
- Introduction
- Imaging features of occupational lung disease
- Dusts
- Pathophysiology of particulate clearance
- Silica
- Coal dust
- Asbestos
- Inert dust
- Immune-Mediated
- Hard metal
- Chronic Beryllium Disease
- Airway Centric
- Occupational asthma
- Flavor Worker's Lung
- Flock Worker's Lung
- Environmental Lung Disease
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Hot tub lung
- Biomass smoke
- Other environmental influences
- Summary
- References
- Radiologic Evaluation of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
- Key points
- Introduction
- Fibrosing interstitial pneumonias
- Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
- Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia
- Acute/subacute interstitial pneumonias
- Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
- Acute Interstitial Pneumonia
- Smoking-related interstitial pneumonias
- Respiratory Bronchiolitis Interstitial Lung Disease
- Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia
- Rare entities
- Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia
- Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis
- References
- Connective Tissue Disease-related Thoracic Disease
- Key points
- Introduction
- Imaging techniques
- Imaging patterns
- Specific connective tissue diseases
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
- Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Sjögren Syndrome
- Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
- Pearls and pitfalls
- Drug-induced Pneumonitis
- Respiratory Infections
- Thoracic Malignancy
- Controversies
- Do Suggestive Forms of Connective Tissue Disease-associated Interstitial Lung Disease Exist?
- Is Rheumatoid Arthritis Initiated in Airways?
- Future directions
- Quantitative Lung Imaging
- MRI
- Summary
- References
- Cystic and Nodular Lung Disease
- Key points
- Introduction
- Cystic lung disease
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
- Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
- Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia
- Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome
- Light Chain Deposition Disease
- Other Causes of Cysts
- Mimics of cysts
- Emphysema
- Honeycombing
- Cavities
- Bronchiectasis
- Nodular lung disease
- Centrilobular Pattern
- Perilymphatic Pattern
- Random Pattern
- Summary
- References
- Imaging of the Central Airways with Bronchoscopic Correlation
- Key points
- Introduction
- Technique
- Diseases affecting the central airways: computed tomography classification
- Anatomic variants
- Anomalies Arising from Normal Higher Order Bronchial Divisions
- Anomalies Arising from Sites Typically Lacking Branches
- Anomalies Associated with Abnormalities of Situs
- Focal central airway narrowing
- Nonneoplastic Central Airway Stenosis
- Tracheal trauma: postintubation tracheal stenosis
- Postinfectious airway stenosis
- Tracheobronchial Neoplasia
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Tracheobronchial mucous gland tumors
- Carcinoid tumors
- Miscellaneous causes
- Diffuse airway narrowing
- Saber Sheath Trachea
- Tracheobronchomalacia
- Tracheobronchomegaly
- Relapsing Polychondritis
- Granulomatosis and Polyangiitis (Formerly Known as Wegener Granulomatosis)
- Amyloidosis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease/Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease
- Sarcoidosis
- Multifocal nodular central airway disease
- Laryngotracheobronchial Papillomatosis
- Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica
- Computed tomography/bronchoscopic correlations
- Computed Tomography: Diagnostic Bronchoscopic Correlations
- Computed Tomography: Therapeutic Bronchoscopic Correlations
- Airway Stents
- Summary
- References
- Imaging of Small Airways and Emphysema
- Key points
- Introduction
- Bronchiolitis
- Tools for Imaging
- Chest radiography
- Computed tomography
- Imaging findings
- Direct Signs of Bronchiolitis
- Indirect Signs of Bronchiolitis
- Major Categories of Bronchiolitis
- Inflammatory/Cellular Bronchiolitis
- Infectious Bronchiolitis
- Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
- Respiratory Bronchiolitis
- Follicular Bronchiolitis
- Panbronchiolitis
- Bronchiectasis
- Fibrotic and Constrictive Bronchiolitis
- Postinfectious Constrictive Bronchiolitis
- Swyer-James or Macleod Syndrome
- Constrictive Bronchiolitis Resulting from Inhalational Injury
- Obliterative Bronchiolitis Following Transplantation
- Emphysema
- Centrilobular Emphysema
- Paraseptal Emphysema
- Panlobular Emphysema
- Paracicatricial Emphysema
- Summary
- References
- Functional Imaging
- Key points
- Introduction
- Computed tomography
- Computed Tomography Hardware Systems Developments
- Quantitative Image Analysis and Distilling Functional Information
- MRI
- MRI Systems Hardware and Software Developments
- Functional Imaging
- Assessment of regional pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange
- Oxygen-Enhanced MRI
- Hyperpolarized Gas MRI
- Xenon Computed Tomography
- Assessment of pulmonary perfusion by computed tomography and MRI
- Clinical applications of pulmonary perfusion imaging
- Summary
- References
- Index
