Chest Imaging, An Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine

Name: Chest Imaging, An Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine
Brand: Elsevier
Price: 59.99 EUR
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David A. Lynch(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 25. Juni 2015

100 Seiten

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Front Cover
Chest Imaging
Copyright
Contributors
Contents
CME Page
Clinics in Chest Medicine
Preface
Erratum
Approach to Chest Computed Tomography
Key points
Introduction: definitions and nature of the problem
Imaging techniques
Basic Physics of Computed Tomography
Scan Protocol
Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Scan Execution
Postprocessing
2-Dimensional multiplanar reformatting
Maximum intensity projection
Minimum intensity projection
Three-dimensional volume rendering
Imaging features and differential diagnosis: reviewing chest computed tomography
Review of the "Scout" Topogram
Lines, tubes, and other support apparatus
Pathologic abnormality in organs not fully included in the scan range
Findings at the "edge of the examination"
Mediastinum
Heart
Cardiac chambers
Myocardium
Coronary arteries
Cardiac valves
Pericardium
Large Thoracic Vessels
Aorta and arch vessels
Pulmonary arteries
Major thoracic veins
Thoracic Lymph Nodes
Large and Small Airways
Lungs: Overall Approach
Normal lung
Increase in lung opacity
Decrease in lung opacity
Mosaic attenuation
Spatial distribution of disease
Lung volumes
Lungs: Findings at High-Resolution Chest Computed Tomography
Nodules
Linear/reticular opacities and honeycombing
Pleura
Soft Tissues and Bones
Pearls and pitfalls: technical considerations and artifacts
Slice Thickness and Volume Averaging
Motion Artifact
Inadequate Inspiration or Expiration
Problems with the Contrast Bolus
Noise and Beam-Hardening Artifact
Current controversies
Radiation Dose Concerns and Dose Reduction
Summary
References
Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening for Lung Cancer
Key points
Introduction
The evidence for screening
Setting up a lung cancer screening clinic
Key Personnel
Who Should Be Screened?
Shared Decision Making
Risks and Benefits of Low-Dose Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Screening
Performing the Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening Examination
Findings on low-dose computed tomographic screening examinations
Lung Nodules
Incidental Findings
Emphysema/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Disease
Coronary Artery Calcification
Extrapulmonary Malignancy
Understanding the low-dose computed tomographic report: the American College of Radiology Lung CT Screening Reporting and D ...
Financial issues
Summary
References
Imaging the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
Key points
Introduction
Definitions and differential diagnosis
Imaging techniques for nodule evaluation
Chest Radiography
Computed Tomography
Computed tomography imaging features
Nodule attenuation
Nodule morphology
Nodule size and growth
Additional Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Nodule Biopsy
Management considerations
Summary
References
Staging of Lung Cancer
Key points
Introduction
Imaging techniques
Chest Radiography
Computed Tomography
MRI
PET
TNM staging: 7th edition
Primary Tumor
Regional Lymph Nodes
Metastasis
Pearls and pitfalls
T Descriptor
Pearls
Pitfalls
N Descriptor
Pearls
Pitfalls
M Descriptor
Pearls
Pitfalls
Current controversies
Staging of Contralateral Lung Nodules
Staging of Synchronous Primary Lung Cancers
Staging of Multilobar Primary Tumors
Staging of Ground Glass Opacities
Staging of Extrathoracic Nodal Disease
Future directions
Quantitative Imaging
Expanded Use of Magnetic Resonance in Staging
8th Edition TNM Staging for Lung Cancer
References
Imaging Infection
Key points
Normal hosts
Complications of Pneumonia
Differentiation of Pneumonia from Noninfectious Diseases
Specific Diagnosis: Mycoplasma, Viruses, and Mycobacterium
Non-AIDS immunocompromised hosts
Fungal Infections
Viral Infections
Bacterial and Mycobacterial Infections
Patients with AIDS
Detection of Infections in AIDS
Radiologic Patterns
Bacterial Infection
Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
Mycobacterial Infections
Fungal Infections
Summary
References
Intensive Care Unit Imaging
Key points
Introduction
Indications for Portable Chest Radiography
Technical Factors
Monitoring and support devices
Endotracheal and Tracheostomy Tubes
Enteric Tubes
Venous Catheters
Pulmonary Artery Catheters
Chest Tubes
Pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities
Atelectasis
Aspiration
Pneumonia
Pulmonary Edema
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
Hydrostatic Pulmonary Edema
Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pleural fluid
Pneumothorax
Pneumomediastinum
Pleural Fluid
Summary
References
Pulmonary Vascular Diseases
Key points
Introduction
Acute pulmonary embolism
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
Pulmonary vasculitis
Granulomatosis with Polyangitis
Microscopic Polyangitis
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Churg-Strauss)
Summary
References
Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease
Key points
Introduction
Imaging features of occupational lung disease
Dusts
Pathophysiology of particulate clearance
Silica
Coal dust
Asbestos
Inert dust
Immune-Mediated
Hard metal
Chronic Beryllium Disease
Airway Centric
Occupational asthma
Flavor Worker's Lung
Flock Worker's Lung
Environmental Lung Disease
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Hot tub lung
Biomass smoke
Other environmental influences
Summary
References
Radiologic Evaluation of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
Key points
Introduction
Fibrosing interstitial pneumonias
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia
Acute/subacute interstitial pneumonias
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia
Smoking-related interstitial pneumonias
Respiratory Bronchiolitis Interstitial Lung Disease
Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia
Rare entities
Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia
Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis
References
Connective Tissue Disease-related Thoracic Disease
Key points
Introduction
Imaging techniques
Imaging patterns
Specific connective tissue diseases
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Sjögren Syndrome
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Pearls and pitfalls
Drug-induced Pneumonitis
Respiratory Infections
Thoracic Malignancy
Controversies
Do Suggestive Forms of Connective Tissue Disease-associated Interstitial Lung Disease Exist?
Is Rheumatoid Arthritis Initiated in Airways?
Future directions
Quantitative Lung Imaging
MRI
Summary
References
Cystic and Nodular Lung Disease
Key points
Introduction
Cystic lung disease
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia
Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome
Light Chain Deposition Disease
Other Causes of Cysts
Mimics of cysts
Emphysema
Honeycombing
Cavities
Bronchiectasis
Nodular lung disease
Centrilobular Pattern
Perilymphatic Pattern
Random Pattern
Summary
References
Imaging of the Central Airways with Bronchoscopic Correlation
Key points
Introduction
Technique
Diseases affecting the central airways: computed tomography classification
Anatomic variants
Anomalies Arising from Normal Higher Order Bronchial Divisions
Anomalies Arising from Sites Typically Lacking Branches
Anomalies Associated with Abnormalities of Situs
Focal central airway narrowing
Nonneoplastic Central Airway Stenosis
Tracheal trauma: postintubation tracheal stenosis
Postinfectious airway stenosis
Tracheobronchial Neoplasia
Squamous cell carcinoma
Tracheobronchial mucous gland tumors
Carcinoid tumors
Miscellaneous causes
Diffuse airway narrowing
Saber Sheath Trachea
Tracheobronchomalacia
Tracheobronchomegaly
Relapsing Polychondritis
Granulomatosis and Polyangiitis (Formerly Known as Wegener Granulomatosis)
Amyloidosis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease/Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease
Sarcoidosis
Multifocal nodular central airway disease
Laryngotracheobronchial Papillomatosis
Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica
Computed tomography/bronchoscopic correlations
Computed Tomography: Diagnostic Bronchoscopic Correlations
Computed Tomography: Therapeutic Bronchoscopic Correlations
Airway Stents
Summary
References
Imaging of Small Airways and Emphysema
Key points
Introduction
Bronchiolitis
Tools for Imaging
Chest radiography
Computed tomography
Imaging findings
Direct Signs of Bronchiolitis
Indirect Signs of Bronchiolitis
Major Categories of Bronchiolitis
Inflammatory/Cellular Bronchiolitis
Infectious Bronchiolitis
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Respiratory Bronchiolitis
Follicular Bronchiolitis
Panbronchiolitis
Bronchiectasis
Fibrotic and Constrictive Bronchiolitis
Postinfectious Constrictive Bronchiolitis
Swyer-James or Macleod Syndrome
Constrictive Bronchiolitis Resulting from Inhalational Injury
Obliterative Bronchiolitis Following Transplantation
Emphysema
Centrilobular Emphysema
Paraseptal Emphysema
Panlobular Emphysema
Paracicatricial Emphysema
Summary
References
Functional Imaging
Key points
Introduction
Computed tomography
Computed Tomography Hardware Systems Developments
Quantitative Image Analysis and Distilling Functional Information
MRI
MRI Systems Hardware and Software Developments
Functional Imaging
Assessment of regional pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange
Oxygen-Enhanced MRI
Hyperpolarized Gas MRI
Xenon Computed Tomography
Assessment of pulmonary perfusion by computed tomography and MRI
Clinical applications of pulmonary perfusion imaging
Summary
References
Index

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