Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy

Preface1. Introduction 1.1. Can Single Atoms Be Detected by Spectral Means 1.2. History of the Technique 1.3. Characteristics of the Photoionization Method 1.4. Photoionization Spectroscopy Versions2. Resonant Excitation of High-Lying States 2.1. Resonant Excitation of Two-Level Systems 2.2. Two-Photon Resonant Excitation of Two- and Three-Level Systems 2.3. Multistep Resonant Excitation of Multilevel Systems 2.4. Multiphoton Resonant Excitation of High-Lying States3. Ionization of Excited Atoms 3.1. Kinetics of Stepwise Photoionization 3.2. Photoionization of Excited Atoms 3.3. Ionization of Highly Excited (Rydberg) Atomic States 3.4. Schemes for Stepwise Resonance Ionization of Various Atoms4. Photoionization Detection of Single Atoms 4.1. Problems of Single-Atom Detection 4.2. Detection of Atoms in a Vacuum 4.3. Detection of Atoms in a Buffer Gas 4.4. Detection of Atoms on the Surface5. Multistep and Multiphoton Ionization of Molecules 5.1. Methods and Regimes of Multiphoton Ionization of Molecules 5.2. Resonance Stepwise Photoionization of Molecules 5.3. Multiphoton Ionization of Molecules 5.4. Molecular Photoionization via Highly Excited Vibrational States6. Detection of Molecules by Multistep and Multiphoton Resonant Ionization 6.1. Detection of Molecules by Multiphoton Resonant Ionization Mass Spectrometry 6.2. Photoionization Detection of Molecules in a Buffer Gas 6.3. Photoionization Detection of Molecules on a Surface 6.4. Ways of Developing a Universal Laser Photoionization Detector of Molecules7. Obtaining Spectroscopic Information on Atoms and Molecules 7.1. High-Spectral-Resolution Photoionization Spectroscopy 7.2. Kinetics of Intermediate Excited States 7.3. Studies of States near Ionization Threshold8. Laser Photoionization Atomic Spectral Analysis 8.1. Analytical Characteristics of the Photoionization Method 8.2. Technique of Photoionization Spectral Analysis 8.3. Laser Photoionization Method in Analytical Experiments 8.4. Comparison of Analytical Methods for Atomic Traces9. Laser Photoionization Detection of Rare Isotope Atoms 9.1. Problem and Solution Techniques 9.2. Selectivity of Multistep Ionization 9.3. Methods for Highly Selective Ionization Detection of Rare Isotopes 9.4. Detection of Rare Isotopes in Radiochemical Neutrino Detector10. Applications in Molecular, Chemical, and Statistical Physics 10.1. Measurement of Ultralow Concentrations of Atoms and Molecules 10.2. Detection of Primary Products of Photodissociation 10.3. Study of Statistical Effects11. Multiphoton Ionization Photoelectron Spectroscopy 11.1. Principles and History of the Method 11.2. Experimental Technique 11.3. Atomic Photoelectron Spectroscopy with MPI 11.4. Molecular Photoelectron Spectroscopy with MPI12. Photoionization Detection of Molecules with Spatial Resolution 12.1. Laser Resonant Photoelecton and Photoion Microscopy 12.2. Laser Surface Desorption of Molecular Ions 12.3. Wave-Corpuscular (Photoion or Photoelectron) MicroscopyAppendix. Transition Wavelengths for Ionization Schemes of Various AtomsReferencesIndex